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Background. Prior imaging studies of torso muscle moment arms for use as inputs into biomechanical models have been derived from subjects lying supine. Recent research suggests moment arms of the rectus abdominis are larger when standing versus lying supine.Methods. Axial MRI images, through and parallel to the intervertebral discs were obtained from five females in a standing upright neutral posture...
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Accurate anatomical inputs for biomechanical models are necessary for valid estimates of internal loading. The magnitude of the moment arm of the lumbar erector muscle group is known to vary as a function of such variables as gender. Anatomical evidence indicates that the moment arms decrease during torso flexion. However, moment arm estimates in biomechanical models that account...
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