Michael D. Keall

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Reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from an intervention to promote cycling and walking: A case study from New Zealand

Michael D. Keall, Caroline Shaw, Ralph Chapman, Philippa Howden-Chapman

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment > 2018 > 65 > C > 687-696

Policies promoting active transport, such as walking and cycling, can reduce transport-related carbon emissions. However, there are few studies that examine the carbon emission outcomes of such policies. This paper presents a case study of an intervention carried out in New Zealand that involved the construction of urban cycling and walking infrastructure in parallel with programmes to encourage such...

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Home modifications to reduce injuries from falls in the Home Injury Prevention Intervention (HIPI) study: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Michael D Keall, Nevil Pierse, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Chris Cunningham, more

The Lancet > 2015 > 385 > 9964 > 231-238

Despite the considerable injury burden attributable to falls at home among the general population, few effective safety interventions have been identified. We tested the safety benefits of home modifications, including handrails for outside steps and internal stairs, grab rails for bathrooms, outside lighting, edging for outside steps, and slip-resistant surfacing for outside areas such as decks and...

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An evaluation of costs and benefits of a vehicle periodic inspection scheme with six-monthly inspections compared to annual inspections

Michael D. Keall, Stuart Newstead

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2013 > 58 > Complete > 81-87

Although previous research suggests that safety benefits accrue from periodic vehicle inspection programmes, little consideration has been given to whether the benefits are sufficient to justify the often considerable costs of such schemes. Methodological barriers impede many attempts to evaluate the overall safety benefits of periodic vehicle inspection schemes, including this study, which did not...

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Formulating a programme of repairs to structural home injury hazards in New Zealand

Michael D. Keall, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Michael G. Baker, Venugopal Kamalesh, more

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2013 > 57 > Complete > 124-130

Home injuries are a substantial health burden worldwide, with the home setting being at least as important as the road for injury. Focusing on common injury hazards presented by the home environment, we sought to examine the justification for significant expenditure on safety-related repairs to the housing stock. Trained inspectors assessed 961 New Zealand houses for injury hazards. Using administrative...

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The potential effectiveness of young driver high-performance vehicle restrictions as used in Australia

Michael D. Keall, Stuart Newstead

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2013 > 52 > Complete > 154-161

Young drivers persistently have higher crash rates despite various countermeasures targeted at their risk factors and exposures. A potentially high risk situation for novice drivers may feasibly include the driving of high performance vehicles, which are subject to restrictions for probationary and restricted drivers in four Australian States. High performance vehicles are capable of high levels of...

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Analysis of factors that increase motorcycle rider risk compared to car driver risk

Michael D. Keall, Stuart Newstead

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2012 > 49 > Complete > 23-29

As in other parts of the Western world, there is concern in New Zealand about increasing popularity of motorcycles because of potential increases in road trauma. This study sought to identify important factors associated with increased risk for motorcyclists to inform potential policy approaches to reduce motorcyclist injury, such as changes to motorcyclist licensing, training and education. Using...

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Estimation of the social costs of home injury: A comparison with estimates for road injury

Michael D. Keall, Jagadish Guria, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Michael G. Baker

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2011 > 43 > 3 > 998-1002

Home injury is thought to constitute a major health burden in most developed countries. However, efforts to address this burden have been hampered by reluctance from outside agencies to interfere with the home environment of individuals, even if it benefits the occupant's safety. This paper outlines cost–benefit evaluation methods established in the transport safety domain applied to home safety to...

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Rating the overall secondary safety of vehicles from real world crash data: The Australian and New Zealand Total Secondary Safety Index

Stuart V. Newstead, Michael. D. Keall, Linda M. Watson

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2011 > 43 > 3 > 637-645

Various systems for rating secondary safety of particular makes and models of vehicles have been developed internationally. These measures generally evaluate crashworthiness (the ability of the vehicle to protect its own occupants in the event of a crash) separately from aggressivity (the harm a vehicle is liable to impose on other road users into which it crashes). This paper describes an approach...

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Passenger vehicle safety in Australasia for different driver groups

Michael D. Keall, Stuart Newstead

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2011 > 43 > 3 > 684-689

Vehicle fleets in developed countries have benefitted from improved technology and regulation leading to safer vehicles. Nevertheless, for various reasons the public do not necessarily choose particular makes and models of cars according to their safety performance. This study aimed to identify areas for potential crashworthiness improvement in the Australasian fleets by studying the distribution...

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Attitudes towards current and lowered speed limits in Australia

Julie A. Lahausse, Nicole van Nes, Brian N. Fildes, Michael D. Keall

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2010 > 42 > 6 > 2108-2116

The present study was concerned with gaining a greater understanding of the Australian community's attitudes towards both the current and proposed lower speed limits. An online survey was administered in four states (Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania), with a total of 4100 respondents recruited. The survey focussed on attitudes towards speed limits for four different road...

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Association between the number of home injury hazards and home injury

Michael D. Keall, Michael Baker, Philippa Howden-Chapman, Malcolm Cunningham

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2008 > 40 > 3 > 887-893

Although the home is a major setting for injury morbidity and mortality, there are few proven effective interventions for reducing home injury risk. To inform future research or interventions, this study measures associations between home injury hazards and home injury from a sample of New Zealand households. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between injury hazards identified...

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Are SUVs dangerous vehicles?

Michael D. Keall, Stuart Newstead

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2008 > 40 > 3 > 954-963

This study was a population cohort study of all licensed passenger vehicles in New Zealand in the years 2005–2006. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect on road safety of sports utility vehicles (SUVs) compared to other passenger vehicle types. Statistical models were fitted to the population of 2,996,000 vehicles of which 17,245 were involved in an injury crash. Controlling for distance...

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The contribution of alcohol to night time crash risk and other risks of night driving

Michael D. Keall, William J. Frith, Tui L. Patterson

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2005 > 37 > 5 > 816-824

Many studies show that driving at night is more risky in terms of crash involvements per distance travelled than driving during the day. The reasons for this include the more prevalent use of alcohol by drivers at night, the effects of fatigue on the driving task and the risk associated with reduced visibility. Although the consumption of alcohol prior to driving occurs most commonly at night, drink-driving...

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The influence of alcohol, age and number of passengers on the night-time risk of driver fatal injury in New Zealand

Michael D. Keall, William J. Frith, Tui L. Patterson

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2004 > 36 > 1 > 49-61

Breath alcohol measurements and other data collected at randomly selected roadside sites were combined with data on fatally injured drivers in crashes occurring on the same weekdays and times (Friday and Saturday nights) at locations matched by the size of the nearest town. A logistic model was fitted to these data for the years 1995-2000 to estimate the effects of alcohol, driver's age and the influence...

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Further results from a trial comparing a hidden speed camera programme with visible camera operation

Michael D. Keall, Lynley J. Povey, William J. Frith

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2002 > 34 > 6 > 773 - 777

As described in a previous paper [Accident Anal. Prev., 33 (2001) 277], the hidden camera programme was found to be associated with significant net falls in speeds, crashes and casualties both in 'speed camera areas' (specific signed sites to which camera operation is restricted) and on 100 km/h speed limit roads generally. These changes in speeds, crashes and casualties were identified in the trial...

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The relative effectiveness of a hidden versus a visible speed camera programme

Michael D. Keall, Lynley J. Povey, William J. Frith

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 2001 > 33 > 2 > 277 - 284

Overtly operated mobile speed cameras have been used in New Zealand since late 1993. Their operation has been confined to specific sites (called 'speed camera areas') which are mainly road sections with a record of speed-related crashes. A trial of hidden speed cameras began in mid-1997 in 100 km/h speed limit areas in one of New Zealand's four Police regions. This trial was still in progress at the...

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Pedestrian exposure to risk of road accident in New Zealand

Michael D. Keall

Accident Analysis and Prevention > 1995 > 27 > 5 > 729-740

This study uses data from a recent survey of New Zealanders' travel behaviour to estimate the pedestrian risk of road accident injury. The estimated risks of accident disaggregated by sex and age were examined by combining road accident data with survey data using the exposure measures time spent walking and number of roads crossed . The two resulting measures of risk were compared both with...

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Search results for: Michael D. Keall

Reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from an intervention to promote cycling and walking: A case study from New Zealand

Home modifications to reduce injuries from falls in the Home Injury Prevention Intervention (HIPI) study: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

An evaluation of costs and benefits of a vehicle periodic inspection scheme with six-monthly inspections compared to annual inspections

Formulating a programme of repairs to structural home injury hazards in New Zealand

The potential effectiveness of young driver high-performance vehicle restrictions as used in Australia

Analysis of factors that increase motorcycle rider risk compared to car driver risk

Estimation of the social costs of home injury: A comparison with estimates for road injury

Rating the overall secondary safety of vehicles from real world crash data: The Australian and New Zealand Total Secondary Safety Index

Passenger vehicle safety in Australasia for different driver groups

Attitudes towards current and lowered speed limits in Australia

Association between the number of home injury hazards and home injury

Are SUVs dangerous vehicles?

The contribution of alcohol to night time crash risk and other risks of night driving

The influence of alcohol, age and number of passengers on the night-time risk of driver fatal injury in New Zealand

Further results from a trial comparing a hidden speed camera programme with visible camera operation

The relative effectiveness of a hidden versus a visible speed camera programme

Pedestrian exposure to risk of road accident in New Zealand

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