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Flame synthesis enables the mass-production of carbon black and fullerene but not of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to the narrow window for producing CNTs while preventing tar generation. We report a flame-assisted chemical vapor deposition method, in which a premixed flame is used for the instantaneous generation of floating catalysts, the heating of the gas, and the growth of single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs)...
The 20th century was an era of expansion. Every human activity expanded drastically, revealing that the earth is finite. The concentration of atmospheric C02 started to increase sharply (Fig. 1), and the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer decreased. Also, a significant portion of the natural environment on the earth was lost. For example, as much as 40% of the forests have already been lost...
To establish a method for sub-second conversion of acetylene to sub-millimeter-long carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we have proposed and developed an internal heat-exchange reactor for fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD). This reactor enabled sufficient heating of the reaction gas and uniform heating of the bed of alumina beads at a space velocity as high as 3600h−1. The direct feeding of the...
The rapid growth method for vertically aligned, single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays on flat substrates was applied to a fluidized-bed, using ceramic beads as catalyst supports as a means to mass produce sub-millimeter-long SWCNT arrays. Fe/Al 2 O x catalysts were deposited on the surface of Al 2 O 3 beads by sputtering and SWCNTs were grown on the beads by...
A semi-continuous fluidized-bed process is reported which rapidly converts acetylene into carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Catalysts are first immobilized on ceramic beads and CNTs are then grown on the beads and then separated from them in a repetitive process accomplished within a single reactor simply by switching gases at a fixed temperature. CNTs of 6–10nm diameter, three walls on average, 0.4mm length...
A simple yet versatile combinatorial method to discover binary metal nanoparticle catalysts was developed. In this method, the nominal thickness of component metals can be independently screened for a wide range by simply setting a mask with a slit above a substrate during sputter-deposition. Using this method, we prepared a catalyst library with Mo (0.2–4nm) and Co (0.2–8nm) thickness profiles on...
Using as an index of exposure the Cd concentration in rice and as an index of health effect the urinary abnormality rate (proteinuria, glycosuria, and proteinuria with glycosuria) in the most systematic and extensive health screening examination conducted in 1967 and 1968 in the Jinzu River basin, Japan (a total of 13,183 subjects), we investigated whether a dose–response relationship exists between...
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