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Optical recording of the activity of hundreds of individual neurons simultaneously within the functioning brain is now possible with calcium sensitive dyes. This offers a major advance over the limitations of single-unit recording with arrays of microelectrodes, or with functional MRI. However, the analysis of optical activity to understand neuronal interactions and circuitry underlying physiological...
In newborn and adult mammals, chemosensory drive exerted by CO2 and H+ provides an essential tonic input: without it the rhythm of respiration is abolished. It is not known, however, whether this chemosensory drive and the respiratory rhythm appear simultaneously during development. In isolated brainstem–spinal cord preparations from fetal mice, we determined at what stage of fetal life the respiratory...
Unfailing respiration depends on neural mechanisms already present in mammals before birth. Experiments were made to determine how inspiratory and expiratory neurons are grouped in the brainstem of fetal mice. A further aim was to assess whether rhythmicity arises from a single pacemaker or is generated by multiple sites in the brainstem. To measure neuronal firing, a fluorescent calcium indicator...
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