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In the human genome, the APOBEC3 gene has expanded into a tandem array of genes termed APOBEC3A-H. Several members of this family have potent anti-HIV-1 activity. Here we demonstrate that APOBEC-3B/3C/3F and -3G are expressed in all major cellular components of the CNS. Moreover, we show that both interferon-α (IFN-α) and IFN-γ significantly enhance the expression of APOBEC-3G/3F and drastically inhibit...
In the current study, we extended our previous works on natural endogenous reverse transcription (NERT) and further examined its potential as a virucide molecular target in sexual transmission of primate lentiviruses. HIV-1 and SIV virions were pretreated with select nucleoside (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs), either alone or in combination with NERT-stimulating substances. The effects...
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) mediate internalization of HIV-1 Tat. Herein, we report that human WiDr cells, which express perlecan but no other HSPGs, can internalize 125 I-labeled Tat with minimal lysosomal degradation. Pre-treatment of cells with heparitinase almost completely abolished 125 I-Tat surface binding, while the use of an HIV-1 long terminal repeat...
Recent studies demonstrate that apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), the newly identified target of HIV-1 Vif, represents an endogenous inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and is a viral-encapsidated cellular protein that deaminates minus-strand reverse transcript cytosine residues to uracils. HIV-1 Vif counteracts the inhibitory activity of APOBEC3G by forming...
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