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1. The effects of guanidine on the isolated mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm (MPND) and chick biventer cervicis (CBC) neuromuscular preparations were determined by myographic and electrophysiological methods.2. Guanidine at concentrations of 5-10 mM induced an initial facilitation followed by neuromuscular blockade in both preparations. In the isolated MPND such blockade was associated with the abolition...
We have recently demonstrated that Bothrops erythromelas (BEV) and Bothrops alternatus (BAV) venoms induced an intense neutrophil migration when injected into the peritoneal cavities of rats. This effect was strongly related to the venom PLA 2 contents. BAV showed both a more intense PLA 2 activity and neutrophil chemotactic effect than BEV. Furthermore, a possible involvement of...
The effec of Philodryas olfersii Duvernoy's secretion was studied in vivo in mice and chicks as well as in the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm and the chick biventer cervicis preparations. The whole secretion (20-40 μg/ml) increased the creatine kinase (CK) levels in mice but had no effect on the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. In the chick, the secretion caused head drop and paresia as...
Since the early 1980s, the venoms of several species of Bothrops including B. jararacussu, B. insularis and B. lanceolatus have been shown to possess a neurotoxic action. The chick biventer cervicis preparation provides a convenient means of screening for such activity (Harvey et al., 1994). We have used this preparation to examine the distribution of neurotoxicity in the venoms of several Brazilian...
Bothrops erythromelas is a venomous snake restricted to the north-east of Brazil. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of BEV on MABP of anesthetized dogs and to assess the involvement of bradykinin in the hypotensive response to this venom. Mongrel dogs (both genders, 8.6 ± 0.7 kg) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.v.). Left carotid artery and left femoral...
The ability of specific and commercial antisera to neutralize the neuromuscular blocking activity of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararacussu venoms and of their major toxins (crotoxin and bothropstoxin, respectively) was studied in vitro using the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. Specific antisera were prepared by successively inoculating rabbits with the desired venoms over...
The Duvernoy's secretion of the xenodontine colubrid Philodryas olfersii (green snake) possesses a variety of biological activities including fibrin(ogen)olytic, hemorrhagic and edematogenic actions (Assakura et al., 1992, 1994). In the present work, the protein responsible for the myotoxic activity previously observed in the above secretion was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on Sephadex...
The in vitro effects of a fraction with phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activity isolated from the venom of Bothrops insularis were studied. The crude venom was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The peak with PLA 2 activity was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex column. The resulting peak with PLA 2 activity was tested in...
The role of low levels of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activity and intracellular Ca 2+ stores in the pharmacological action of bothropstoxin (BthTX), a myotoxic Lys49 PLA 2 homologue isolated from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu, was investigated. We examined the muscular effects of BthTX in the mouse diaphragm and its PLA 2 activity in radiolabeled human...
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