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It has been assumed that effects caused by tDCS or tACS neuromodulation are due to electric current flow within brain structures. However, to date, direct current density distributions in the brains of human subjects have not been measured. Instead computational models of tDCS or tACS have been used to predict electric current and field distributions for dosimetry and mechanism analysis purposes.We...
We sought to determine the feasibility of directly studying neural tissue activity by analysis of differential phase shifts in MRI signals that occurred when trickle currents were applied to a bath containing active or resting neural tissue. We developed a finite element bidomain model of an aplysia abdominal ganglion in order to estimate the sensitivity of this contrast mechanism to changes in cell...
We have developed a sensitive EIT protocol for detection of intraventricular bleeding. A common model of human neonates is the neonatal piglet. We used our method to test the sensitivity of our method and device to small amounts of blood-like fluid injected near the left and right ventricles of a piglet cadaver. Comparing blood-like fluid detection in open an closed piglet skulls, we found that we...
With the advent of methods for imaging electrical anisotropy there is also a need to construct phantoms with controllable and well-defined anisotropy in order to test them. We show that for two-dimensional testing, a good approximation of homogeneous anisotropic tissue can be formed using a structure involving alternate layering of two different conductivity isotropic materials. The degree of anisotropy...
In magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT), we measure the induced magnetic flux density inside an imaging object subject to an external injection current. The magnetic flux density is contaminated with noise and this ultimately limits the quality of reconstructed conductivity and current density images. By using two methods to analyze amounts of noise in 3T and 11T MREIT systems,...
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