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The surface functionalized non-biotoxicity detonation nanodiamond (DND) has been proposed to combine with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for enhancing the efficacy of ATRA drug on the typical target cancer cell of HL-60 of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Treated by the DND–ATRA complex, the inhibition and apoptosis rates of HL-60 cells are significantly increased higher than that treated by sole...