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This chapter starts by providing an overview of fuel-metering techniques developed for spark ignition (SI) engines, following by a case study on liquid versus gaseous phase liquified petroleum gas (LPG) port injection in a single-cylinder SI engine. Fuel-metering approaches, from the least to the most modern, include carburettor, throttle body injection (TBI), manifold port injection (MPI or sometime...
Biodiesels produced from different feedstocks usually have wide variations in their fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) so that their physical properties and chemical composition are also different. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the physical properties and chemical composition of biodiesels on engine exhaust particle emissions. Alongside with neat diesel, four biodiesels with variations...
With the advent of alternative fuels, such as biodiesels and related blends, it is important to develop an understanding of their effects on inter-cycle variability which, in turn, influences engine performance as well as its emission. Using four methanol trans-esterified biomass fuels of differing carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, this paper provides insight into the effect that alternative...
Phase Doppler/laser Doppler anemometry (PDA/LDA) and microscopic high speed imaging have been applied to an air assisted spray using three different biodiesels (fatty acid methyl esters of short, medium and long chain length) and ethanol. The momentum decay and droplet size characteristics of the four fuels have been compared as a function of Reynolds number, mass loading, and radial position for...
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