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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present the clinicopathological features of a series of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated head and neck second primary tumors.
MethodsPatients with HPV‐associated head and neck second primary tumors from 3 centers were identified. HPV infection was evaluated using p16 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), high‐risk HPV DNA by in situ hybridization...
Chemotherapy drugs exert their effects by interfering with the processes involved in cell division. Their therapeutic use stems from their ability to cause a greater proportion of cell kill in cancer cells as opposed to normal cells. This review discusses the clinical uses of chemotherapy, their mechanisms of action, important toxicities, and patterns of resistance.
Adjuvant therapy is used to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and improve survival. It is usually given after patients have had radical (i.e. potentially curative) treatment targeting the primary tumour, but there are some circumstances where treatment is given beforehand (termed ‘neoadjuvant’). The aim of therapy is either to improve local tumour control, or to reduce the risk of distant relapse...
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