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Human parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) cause acute respiratory illness in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. PIV3 is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, whereas PIV1 and 2 are frequent causes of upper respiratory tract illness and croup. To assess how PIV1, 2, and 3 differ with regard to replication and induction of type I interferons, interleukin-6, and relevant chemokines,...
A novel recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 1 (rHPIV1), rHPIV1-C+P, in which the overlapping open reading frames of the C and P genes were separated in order to introduce mutations into the C gene without affecting P, was generated. Infectious rHPIV1-C+P was readily recovered and replicated as efficiently as HPIV1 wild type (wt) in vitro and in African green monkeys (AGMs). rHPIV1-C+P expressed...
Vaccines are urgently needed to elicit immunity to different influenza virus strains. DNA vaccines can elicit partial protective immunity, however their efficacy requires improvement. We assessed the capacity of individual type I IFN multigene family members as subtype transgenes to abrogate influenza virus replication in a vaccination/challenge mouse model. Differences in antiviral efficacy were...
Recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV1) and mutants containing point and deletion (Δ) mutations in the P/C gene (r-C Δ10–15 HN T553A , r-C R84G , r-C F170S and r-C Δ170 ), which have previously been evaluated as HPIV1 vaccine candidates, were evaluated for their effect on the type I interferon (IFN) response in vitro. HPIV1 wt infection inhibited...
The P/C gene of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV1) encodes a nested set of related accessory C proteins, C′/C/Y1/Y2, which have been shown in other paramyxoviruses to have a role in evasion of the type I interferon (IFN) response following virus infection. We previously demonstrated that a set of two amino acid substitutions, C R84G /HN T553A , and a separate amino acid substitution,...
A set of recombinant, live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 1 (rHPIV1) vaccine candidates was evaluated for attenuation, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in African green monkeys (AGMs). Temperature sensitive (ts) and non-ts attenuating (att) mutations in the P/C and L genes were introduced individually or in various combinations into rHPIV1, including the C R84G and HN ...
Type I interferon (IFN) gene therapy modulates the immune response leading to inflammatory heart disease following cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a murine model of post-viral myocarditis. Efficacy of different immunisation protocols for the IFN constructs was influenced by the dose of DNA, subtype choice, combination use, pre-medication, and timing of DNA administration. Optimal efficacy was found...
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