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Covered by submerged plants, many shallow lakes in China had good water quality in the past and were sources of tap water. But now they are faced with eutrophication problems. For purifying raw water for tap water treatment, a physico-ecological engineering (PEEN) experiment has been carried out in a hypertrophic bay of Taihu Lake, China since June 1994. Ten channels with widths of 5 m and lengths...