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Direct numerical simulation is employed to investigate the two-dimensional boundary layer instability of a natural convection flow on a uniformly heated vertical plate submerged in a homogeneous quiescent environment. A Boussinesq fluid with Prandtl numbers of Pr=0.733 (air) and 6.7 (water), in the local Rayleigh number range 0⩽Ra x ⩽2.4×10 10 , is studied. Controlled low amplitude...