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During spiral growth of the calcite rhombohedron {1014}, divalent metals substituting for Ca 2+ are differentially incorporated due to steric differences inherent to the asymmetric kink sites exposed at nonequivalent growth steps. Hence, ions “larger” than Ca 2+ (e.g., Sr 2+ and Ba 2+ ) exhibit an incorporation trend opposite to that of “smaller” ions (e.g., Mn ...