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Background Cross-reactive immunity against heterologous strains of influenza virus has the potential to provide partial protection in individuals that lack the proper neutralizing antibodies. In particular, the boosting of memory CD8+ T cell responses to conserved viral proteins can attenuate disease severity caused by influenza virus antigenic variants or pandemic strains. However, little is yet...
HIV-1 vaccines based on recombinant vectors have been developed to elicit immune responses; however, the failure of the STEP HIV-1 vaccine trial has caused concern regarding the impact on vaccine efficacy of pre-existing vector seropositivity in humans. By using a mouse model of infection, we evaluated the immune responses elicited by intranasal and vaginal immunization with the recombinant influenza...
Current influenza vaccines induce poor cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses. Cellular immunity is generally specific for epitopes that are remarkably conserved among different subtypes, suggesting that strategies to improve the cross-presentation of viral antigens by dendritic cells (DC) could elicit a broadly protective immune response. Previous studies have shown that limited proteolysis within...
Effective vaccination strategies for infectious diseases take into account the induction, long-term maintenance and recall of memory T-cell populations. To understand the immunological cross-talk within the mucosal compartments, we compared intranasal to vaginal immunization and demonstrated that vaginal infection of BALB/c mice with influenza A virus provides protective mucosal immunity against both...
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