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A fundamental study on operational strategy for a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is proposed. Firstly, a cost function for the house electricity bill is constructed reflecting the reward of surplus electricity from a photovoltaic generation under feed-in-tariff and multi-step electricity pricing. In addition, a revenue function for frequency regulation is considered as...
An economic assessment of the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) frequency regulation is performed regarding the battery degradation. To generalize the results, we utilize the requirements of the electric vehicle and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle prepared by USABC - the energy storage division of the consortium of three major U. S. automakers. During the assessment, actual regulation signal is analyzed to estimate...
An aggregator is designed for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) frequency regulation service. Active discharge of the plug-in electric vehicle is enabled utilizing the regulation signal to avoid the energy constraint. Some structural restrictions are investigated through the system review. In addition, the characteristics of regulation signal are retrieved though statistical analysis. Then, an objective function...
Energy constraint for V2G frequency regulation is illustrated in terms of state-of-charge (SOC) of the pertaining vehicle battery. Actual regulation signal is investigated, and energy deviation caused by a single regulation signal is obtained. With the derived energy deviation model, a probability distribution of successful regulation is estimated. Random walk theory is employed for stochastic analysis...
V2G frequency regulation requires an aggregator to perform the optimal control. This paper estimates the probability of successful regulation with respect to state-of-charge (SOC). A stochastic analysis is performed to represent the relative value of energy capacity along with the battery size. Weight functions for each of regulation up and down are developed respectively enabling the aggregator to...
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