Search results for: J. Beran

Items from 1 to 20 out of 115 results

article

Words matter: Reflections on language projects with chimpanzees and their implications

Mark A. Krause, Michael J. Beran

American Journal of Primatology > 82 > 10 > n/a - n/a

Beginning in the 1960s the first systematic projects dedicated to testing whether great apes could acquire some aspects of human language were conducted. The ape subjects demonstrated remarkable capacities to learn and use elements of either sign language or an artificial language. The results from research across several laboratories drew a mixture of excitement and skepticism, and critiques and...

article

Correction to: Linear numerosity illusions in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and humans (Homo sapiens)

Audrey E. Parrish, Michael J. Beran, Christian Agrillo

Animal Cognition > 2019 > 22 > 5 > 897-900

In the original publication, values of last three rows in Table 1 and Table 2 were incorrectly published.

article

Linear numerosity illusions in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and humans (Homo sapiens)

Audrey E. Parrish, Michael J. Beran, Christian Agrillo

Animal Cognition > 2019 > 22 > 5 > 883-895

Numerosity illusions emerge when the stimuli in one set are overestimated or underestimated relative to the number (or quantity) of stimuli in another set. In the case of multi-item arrays, individual items that form a better Gestalt are more readily grouped, leading to overestimation by human adults and children. As an example, the Solitaire illusion emerges when dots forming a central cluster (cross-pattern)...

article

Visual artificial grammar learning by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): exploring the role of grammar complexity and sequence length

Lisa A. Heimbauer, Christopher M. Conway, Morten H. Christiansen, Michael J. Beran, more

Animal Cognition > 2018 > 21 > 2 > 267-284

Humans and nonhuman primates can learn about the organization of stimuli in the environment using implicit sequential pattern learning capabilities. However, most previous artificial grammar learning studies with nonhuman primates have involved relatively simple grammars and short input sequences. The goal in the current experiments was to assess the learning capabilities of monkeys on an artificial...

article

Simians in the Shape School: A comparative study of executive attention

Kristin French, Michael J. Beran, Kimberly Andrews Espy, David A. Washburn

Learning & Behavior > 2018 > 46 > 3 > 281-293

Executive functions (EF) have been studied extensively in children and adults. However, EF tasks for young children can be difficult to administer and interpret. Espy (1997, Developmental Neuropsychology, 13, 495–499) designed the Shape School task to measure inhibition and switching in preschool-aged children. Shape School presents cartoon-like characters that children must flexibly name by their...

article

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) remember agency information from past events and integrate this knowledge with spatial and temporal features in working memory

Megan L. Hoffman, Michael J. Beran, David A. Washburn

Animal Cognition > 2018 > 21 > 1 > 137-153

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether rhesus monkeys remember information about their own agency—along with spatial, temporal and contextual properties—from a previously experienced event. In Experiment 1, rhesus monkeys (n = 4) used symbols to reliably indicate whether they had performed or observed an event on a computer screen. In Experiment 2, naïve and experienced monkeys (n...

article

Within-session reversal learning in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Rebecca M. Rayburn-Reeves, Brielle T. James, Michael J. Beran

Animal Cognition > 2017 > 20 > 5 > 975-983

In a midsession reversal (MSR) task, animals are typically presented with a simple, simultaneous discrimination (S1+, S2−) where contingencies are reversed (S1−, S2+) half-way through each session. This paradigm creates multiple, relevant cues that can aid in maximizing overall reinforcement. Recent research has shown that pigeons show systematic anticipatory and perseverative errors across the session,...

article

Discrimination Reversal Learning in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella)

Michael J. Beran, Emily D. Klein, Theodore A. Evans, Betty Chan, more

The Psychological Record > 2008 > 58 > 1 > 3-14

Learning styles in capuchin monkeys were assessed with a computerized reversal-learning task called the mediational paradigm. First, monkeys were trained to respond with 90% accuracy on a two-choice discrimination (A+B-−). Then the authors examined differences in performance on three different types of reversal trials (A-−B+, A-−C+, B+C-−), each of which offered differing predictions for performance,...

article

Do Chimpanzees Have Expectations About Reward Presentation Following Correct Performance on Computerized Cognitive Testing?

Michael J. Beran

The Psychological Record > 2001 > 51 > 2 > 173-183

To investigate whether 2 chimpanzees had expectations regarding the outcome of their responses on a computerized task, food reward that typically was given for correct responses was withheld on some correctly completed trials. There were two types of these probe trials: those which the chimpanzees performed correctly on their own, and those during which the chimpanzees needed the experimenter’s assistance...

article

Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Maintain Learning Set Despite Second-Order Stimulus-Response Spatial Discontiguity

Michael J. Beran, David A. Washburn, Duane M. Rumbaugh

The Psychological Record > 2007 > 57 > 1 > 9-22

In many discrimination-learning tests, spatial separation between stimuli and response loci disrupts performance in rhesus macaques. However, monkeys are unaffected by such stimulusresponse spatial discontiguity when responses occur through joystick-based computerized movement of a cursor. To examine this discrepancy, five monkeys were tested on a learning-set task that required them to touch computer-graphic...

article

Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Counting in a Computerized Testing Paradigm

Michael J. Beran, Duane M. Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh

The Psychological Record > 1998 > 48 > 1 > 3-19

Using computer-mediated joystick manipulation, the ability of a common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to select arrays of items equal to a given target number was examined. A random dot condition was included in which all sequence cues were eliminated as a means to reach the target numbers 1 to 4. The participant, Austin, had only the quantity of items already selected as a record of how high the count...

article

Gambling in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): The effect of cues signaling risky choice outcomes

Travis R. Smith, Michael J. Beran, Michael E. Young

Learning & Behavior > 2017 > 45 > 3 > 288-299

Preference for a larger-variable “risky” option over a smaller-reliable “safe” option often depends upon the likelihood that the risky option will deliver a sufficiently sized reward to have an equivalent or superior expected value. However, preference for the risky option has been shown to increase under conditions where informative stimuli signaling the outcome of a risky choice is included between...

article

Approach To Analyse Of Reaction Forces In Ring-Traveller System

J. Beran, M. Konečna

Autex Research Journal > 2017 > Vol. 17, no. 3 > 268--276

The paper presents the approach to analyse of reaction forces and contact pressure for ring-traveller system in twisting machine. The theory of the ballooning yarn has been adapted for the calculation of reactions, and the motion equation is developed for traveller with two reaction forces. The components of normal reaction forces are analyzed for system with free balloon and control one. The effect...

article

Enhanced Central System of the Traversing Rod for High-Performance Rotor Spinning Machines

J. Valtera, P. Žabka, J. Beran

Autex Research Journal > 2017 > Vol. 17, no. 1 > 27--34

The paper deals with the improvement of central traversing system on rotor spinning machines, where rectilinear motion with variable stroke is used. A new system of traversing rod with implemented set of magnetic-mechanical energy accumulators is described. Mathematical model of this system is analysed in the MSC. Software Adams/View and verified by an experimental measurement on a real-length testing...

article

Primate cognition: attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, self‐control, and metacognition as examples of cognitive control in nonhuman primates

Michael J. Beran, Charles R. Menzel, Audrey E. Parrish, Bonnie M. Perdue, more

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science > 7 > 5 > 294 - 316

Primate Cognition is the study of cognitive processes, which represent internal mental processes involved in discriminations, decisions, and behaviors of humans and other primate species. Cognitive control involves executive and regulatory processes that allocate attention, manipulate and evaluate available information (and, when necessary, seek additional information), remember past experiences to...

article

Self-control assessments of capuchin monkeys with the rotating tray task and the accumulation task

Michael J. Beran, Bonnie M. Perdue, Mattea S. Rossettie, Brielle T. James, more

Behavioural Processes > 2016 > 129 > C > 68-79

Recent studies of delay of gratification in capuchin monkeys using a rotating tray (RT) task have shown improved self-control performance in these animals in comparison to the accumulation (AC) task. In this study, we investigated whether this improvement resulted from the difference in methods between the rotating tray task and previous tests, or whether it was the result of greater overall experience...

chapter

Study of the inverse problem in random media using coherence theory

Mark J. Beran

Lecture Notes in Physics > Trends in Applications of Pure Mathematics to Mechanics > 25-34

We begin by reviewing the basic definitions of the coherence functions used in studies of propagation in random media. The governing moment equations, and a summary of relevant solutions, is then given for the second and fourth-order coherence functions. The inverse problem o+ determining the two-point correlation function of the index of refraction fluctuations is discussed in the context of these...

chapter

Metacognition in Nonhumans: Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Uncertainty Monitoring

Michael J. Beran, Justin J. Couchman, Mariana V. C. Coutinho, Joseph Boomer, more

Trends and Prospects in Metacognition Research > Basic Research in Metacognition > 21-35

Is metacognition a uniquely human trait? Comparative studies suggest that the answer is no. To test metacognitive abilities in non-human animals, researchers have used a variety of methods. In the retrospective confidence judgment paradigm, animals have to provide a low or high confidence response following a first-order task. In the “search for information” behavioral paradigm, animals sometimes...

article

Chimpanzees, cooking, and a more comparative psychology

Michael J. Beran, Lydia M. Hopper, Frans B. M. Waal, Sarah F. Brosnan, more

Learning & Behavior > 2016 > 44 > 2 > 118-121

A recent report suggested that chimpanzees demonstrate the cognitive capacities necessary to understand cooking (Warneken & Rosati, 2015). We offered alternative explanations and mechanisms that could account for the behavioral responses of those chimpanzees, and questioned the manner in which the data were used to examine human evolution (Beran, Hopper, de Waal, Sayers, & Brosnan, 2015)....

chapter

Metacognition in Nonhumans: Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Uncertainty Monitoring

Michael J. Beran, Justin J. Couchman, Mariana V. C. Coutinho, Joseph Boomer, more

Trends and Prospects in Metacognition Research > Developmental and Educational Implications of Metacognition > 21-35

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INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: J. Beran

Words matter: Reflections on language projects with chimpanzees and their implications

Correction to: Linear numerosity illusions in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and humans (Homo sapiens)

Linear numerosity illusions in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and humans (Homo sapiens)

Visual artificial grammar learning by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): exploring the role of grammar complexity and sequence length

Simians in the Shape School: A comparative study of executive attention

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) remember agency information from past events and integrate this knowledge with spatial and temporal features in working memory

Within-session reversal learning in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Discrimination Reversal Learning in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Apella)

Do Chimpanzees Have Expectations About Reward Presentation Following Correct Performance on Computerized Cognitive Testing?

Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Maintain Learning Set Despite Second-Order Stimulus-Response Spatial Discontiguity

Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Counting in a Computerized Testing Paradigm

Gambling in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): The effect of cues signaling risky choice outcomes

Approach To Analyse Of Reaction Forces In Ring-Traveller System

Enhanced Central System of the Traversing Rod for High-Performance Rotor Spinning Machines

Primate cognition: attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, self‐control, and metacognition as examples of cognitive control in nonhuman primates

Self-control assessments of capuchin monkeys with the rotating tray task and the accumulation task

Study of the inverse problem in random media using coherence theory

Metacognition in Nonhumans: Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Uncertainty Monitoring

Chimpanzees, cooking, and a more comparative psychology

Metacognition in Nonhumans: Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Uncertainty Monitoring

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