The Psychological Record

Items from 1 to 20 out of 1,056 results

article

Can undergraduate students determine whether text has been plagiarized?

Miguel Roig

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 113-122

In two studies undergraduate students were given an original paragraph and several rewritten versions of the paragraph, some of which were plagiarized (e.g., without a citation, superficially modified from the original) and some correctly paraphrased. Students were asked to determine whether each rewritten version had been plagiarized or correctly paraphrased. Approximately 74% of the students in...

article

Another new journal? The Psychological Record: Volumes I–V; 1937–1945

Paul T. Mountjoy, Donna M. Cone

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 3-20

At the time of its inception every scientific journal is a new journal, and its future course is in doubt. Does it have a functional niche in the scientific community, and will it survive? Later, when the new journal is taken for granted by the younger generation of scientists, the question of what conditions led to the establishment and maintenance of the publication arise. This historical review...

article

The Psychological Record: Rebirth in 1956

Neil R. Bartlett

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 21-24

The Psychological Recordwas revived forty years ago by Paul Swartz, still in his twenties and an assistant professor in a small liberal arts college. This article describes the setting in which it occurred and some of the story of his undertaking.

article

Using revealed operants to study the structure and properties of human operant behavior

Francis Mechner, Cloyd Hyten, Douglas P. Field, Gregory J. Madden

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 45-68

The “revealed operant” is described as a practical research tool. It differs from traditional types of operants that are recorded as single instantaneous events, in that some of the revealed operant’s sub-operants can be recorded conveniently, and that the first and last of these are made on separate manipulanda. A revealed operant can be studied by examining multiple measures relating to the internal...

article

Enhancing equivalence class formation by pretraining of other equivalence classes

Dawn M. Buffington, Lanny Fields, Barbara J. Adams

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 69-96

This study investigated how the learning of one set of equivalence classes enhances the learning of new equivalence classes. Fifty-two undergraduate students were divided into four groups. Subjects in Group 1 received no pretraining. Using the simple-to-complex procedure followed by incremental expansion of class size, subjects in Groups 2, 3, and 4 learned 3-, 4-, and 5-member equivalence classes,...

article

Causal constructs and conceptual confusions

Linda J. Hayes, Mark A. Adams, Mark R. Dixon

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 97-112

Behavior analysts take the position that prediction and control constitute the goals of science. This assumption has resulted in descriptive operations being overlooked and misunderstood. Among the most serious of these misunderstandings is the confusion of events with descriptive constructions. Confusion is likely when the events described present problems of observation, when they appear to resemble...

article

Experimental analysis of childhood psychopathology: A laboratory matching analysis of the behavior of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Scott H. Kollins, Scott D. Lane, Steven K. Shapiro

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 25-44

The behavior of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been hypothesized to involve differential sensitivity to parameters of reward and punishment. However, support for these theories has been limited because, in part, of the methods used to investigate them. The current study examined the behavior of six ADHD children and six comparison children on a computer...

article

Pigeons extract redundant, multiple features and attend to multiple contours when recognizing line drawings

Mark D. Warner, Mark E. Rilling

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 123-144

In a go/no-go procedure, pigeons were trained to discriminate a square line figure (S+) from a circle (S−). Generalization decrements to altered versions of S+ were analyzed to determine which features the pigeons attended to. In Experiment 1, the square was broken at midsegments or vertices and expanded by varying amounts in order to determine which of these potential visual features pigeons weight...

article

The effects of terminal-link stimulus arrangements on preference in concurrent chains

Laurel Colton, Jay Moore

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 145-166

Pigeons served as subjects in two concurrent-chains experiments in which responding on one or the other of two side keys occasionally produced either a short- (Fl 10-s) or a long- (Fl 20-s) duration terminal-link schedule of food reinforcement according to equal variable-interval 30-s initial-link schedules. In Experiment 1, the terminal link was in effect randomly on either key, or always on the...

article

Effect of illumination condition on risk assessment behaviors of mice

Ernest D. Kemble, Michael J. Goblirsch

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 1 > 167-174

Levels of risk assessment evoked by either a synthetic predator odor or noncontact exposure to live rats were examined under white or red light conditions. Defensive responses to the predator odor were infrequent in white light and showed a modest, but reliable, increase under red light. Noncontact exposure to rats, in contrast, produced considerably higher levels of risk assessment than did odors...

article

Schedule control over following instructions comprised of novel combinations of verbal stimuli

Marshall Lev Dermer, James G. Rodgers

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 243-260

To examine schedule control over following instructions comprised of novel combinations of verbal stimuli, three children, from 8 to 10 years old, received either continuous or intermittent reinforcement for a chain of buying and then following such instructions. Later, a series of training-extinction tests was conducted. During the training trials, the chain produced either continuous or intermittent...

article

Establishing stimulus classes in adults and children using a respondent-type training procedure: A follow-up study

Paul M. Smeets, Geraldine Leader, Dermot Barnes

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 285-308

This study examined the effects of a successive stimulus pairing procedure (respondent training) on formation of conditional discriminations and equivalence classes. Different training protocols (linear, many-to-one, one-to-many), and training and test arrangements (simultaneous, simple-to-complex) were used. A simultaneous protocol was used in Experiment 1. During training, adults were exposed to...

article

The effect of water deprivation on shock-escape impairment after exposure to inescapable shock

Michael F. Stromberg, Philip J. Bersh, Wayne G. Whitehouse, Paul Neuman, more

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 335-350

Water deprivation during inescapable shock exposure and a shuttle escape test 24 hours later (Experiment 1), during shuttle escape training only (Experiment 2), or during inescapable shock exposure only (Experiment 3a), ameliorated the shock-escape impairment normally seen following exposure to inescapable shock. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 could be attributed to increased activity produced...

article

Enhancement of spatial navigation ability in older rats following chronic administration of the alpha₂ noradrenergic antagonist piperoxane

David M. Compton, Kerri L. Dietrich, Jeffrey S. Smith

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 321-334

The noradrenergic system of the locus coeruleus has been implicated in a variety of processes including reinforcement, attention, and acquisition and retention of learned behaviors. Its dense projections, some of which are shared by the cholinergic system, provide an ideal network within which to study the cognitive impairments related to aging. The current investigation explored the effects of piperoxane,...

article

Probability of stimulus equivalence as a function of training design

Erik Arntzen, Per Holth

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 309-320

The present study investigated differential effects of training design on probability of an equivalence outcome. Forty normal adults were assigned to four different groups. Subjects in the first three groups were exposed to a C-A equivalence test directly following linear series (AB and BC), many-to-one (AB and CB), or one-to-many (BA and BC) training, respectively, while the subjects in the fourth...

article

Three contributions of social psychology to the analysis of the behavior-consequence linkage

John H. Kunkel

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 201-220

This article describes major differences in research focus and methods between behavior analysis and social psychology, and it outlines some of the ways in which fruitful cooperation between the two fields can be established. Attribution, optimism, and time horizons are considered to be measures of past behavior-consequence linkages, which provide information about otherwise unknown aspects of people’s...

article

The quick development of equivalence classes in a paper-and-pencil format through written instructions

Svein Eikeseth, Jesus Rosales-Ruiz, Angela Duarte, Donald M. Baer

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 275-284

This study asked whether a paper-and-pencil protocol can be used to study stimulus equivalence, and whether stimulus equivalence can emerge from conditional discriminations established by verbal instructions. The subjects were undergraduate university students. Of the 28 subjects who acquired the baseline relations defined by the written instructions, 50% responded to those conditional relations as...

article

Book reviews

Marshall Lev Dermer, Edward K. Morris

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 351-354

article

Behavior-analytic approaches to self-awareness

Simon Dymond, Dermot Barnes

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 181-200

The current paper provides an overview of behavior-analytic approaches to self-awareness. Skinner (1974) argued that the phenomenon of self-awareness is produced, in large part, by those social contingencies that reinforce discrimination of the organism’s own behavior. This view of self-awareness is supported by a range of empirical studies that successfully established self-discrimination performances...

article

Mythmaking: How introductory psychology texts present B. F. Skinner’s analysis of cognition

Robert Jensen, Helene Burgess

The Psychological Record > 1997 > 47 > 2 > 221-232

Fifteen introductory psychology textbooks are examined to determine the accuracy and completeness of their treatment of B. F. Skinner’s approach to human activities commonly referred to as cognitive processes. Six of the textbooks ignore Skinner’s contribution to the study of cognitive variables altogether, four deny that Skinner had anything to say about such processes and five textbooks acknowledge...

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Keywords

STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE (56)
RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY (36)
DELAY DISCOUNTING (28)
HUMANS (22)
CHOICE (19)
IRAP (19)
IMPLICIT RELATIONAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE (18)
VERBAL BEHAVIOR (18)
CHILDREN (17)
COLLEGE STUDENTS (17)
RATS (15)
IMPULSIVITY (14)
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (12)
AUTISM (12)
PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING (12)
RESURGENCE (12)
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS (11)
EXTINCTION (11)
EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE (10)
GAMBLING (10)
MOTIVATION (10)
ADULTS (9)
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (9)
EMOTION (9)
INTERBEHAVIORISM (9)
STIMULUS RELATIONS (9)
AESTHETICS (8)
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION (8)
IMPLICIT ATTITUDES (8)
MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE (8)
RULE-GOVERNED BEHAVIOR (8)
SELF-CONTROL (8)
STIMULUS CONTROL (8)
CATEGORIZATION (7)
DECISION MAKING (7)
EQUIVALENCE (7)
ESTABLISHING OPERATIONS (7)
IMPLICIT COGNITION (7)
INTERBEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY (7)
INTRAVERBALS (7)
MATCHING TO SAMPLE (7)
MOTIVATING OPERATIONS (7)
PERSPECTIVE TAKING (7)
PIGEONS (7)
RELATIONAL RESPONDING (7)
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (7)
BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE MODEL (6)
CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT (6)
HUMAN (6)
IMPLICIT MEASURE (6)
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES (6)
OPERANT CONDITIONING (6)
REASONING (6)
REINFORCEMENT (6)
SYMMETRY (6)
ADOLESCENTS (5)
AVOIDANCE (5)
COMPOUND STIMULI (5)
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATIONS (5)
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (5)
CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT (5)
DEFUSION (5)
DEPRESSION (5)
DERIVED RELATIONAL RESPONDING (5)
DISCOUNTING (5)
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS (5)
GENERALIZATION (5)
INTELLIGENCE (5)
LANGUAGE (5)
LEVER PRESS (5)
MATCHING LAW (5)
NAMING (5)
RFT (5)
SCHIZOPHRENIA (5)
SIMPLE DISCRIMINATION (5)
TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING (5)
ADULT HUMANS (4)
ADULT PARTICIPANTS (4)
AGGRESSION (4)
BEHAVIOR (4)
BEHAVIORISM (4)
DEICTIC RELATIONS (4)
DERIVED RELATIONS (4)
EQUIVALENCE-BASED INSTRUCTION (4)
LEARNING (4)
MENTALISM (4)
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN (4)
PRIMING (4)
PRIVATE EVENTS (4)
RADICAL BEHAVIORISM (4)
RELAPSE (4)
RUMINATION (4)
SELF-FORGIVENESS (4)
SHARING (4)
SUSTAINABILITY (4)
TRAINING STRUCTURES (4)
TRANSFER OF FUNCTION (4)
TRANSFORMATION OF FUNCTION (4)
TRANSITIVE INFERENCE (4)
ACCEPTANCE (3)
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INFONA - science communication portal

The Psychological Record

Can undergraduate students determine whether text has been plagiarized?

Another new journal? The Psychological Record: Volumes I–V; 1937–1945

The Psychological Record: Rebirth in 1956

Using revealed operants to study the structure and properties of human operant behavior

Enhancing equivalence class formation by pretraining of other equivalence classes

Causal constructs and conceptual confusions

Experimental analysis of childhood psychopathology: A laboratory matching analysis of the behavior of children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Pigeons extract redundant, multiple features and attend to multiple contours when recognizing line drawings

The effects of terminal-link stimulus arrangements on preference in concurrent chains

Effect of illumination condition on risk assessment behaviors of mice

Schedule control over following instructions comprised of novel combinations of verbal stimuli

Establishing stimulus classes in adults and children using a respondent-type training procedure: A follow-up study

The effect of water deprivation on shock-escape impairment after exposure to inescapable shock

Enhancement of spatial navigation ability in older rats following chronic administration of the alpha₂ noradrenergic antagonist piperoxane

Probability of stimulus equivalence as a function of training design

Three contributions of social psychology to the analysis of the behavior-consequence linkage

The quick development of equivalence classes in a paper-and-pencil format through written instructions

Book reviews

Behavior-analytic approaches to self-awareness

Mythmaking: How introductory psychology texts present B. F. Skinner’s analysis of cognition

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