The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV) (family Iridoviridae, genus Ranavirus) was isolated from diseased tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) from the San Rafael Valley in southern Arizona, USA in 1996. Genomic sequencing of ATV, as well as other members of the genus, identified an open reading frame that has homology to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor, eIF2α (ATV eIF2α homologue,...
Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used more extensively for human immunization than any other vaccine. For almost two centuries, VACV was employed to provide cross-protection against variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, until the disease was eradicated in the late 1970s. Since that time, continued research on VACV has produced a number of modified vaccines with improved safety profiles. Attenuation...
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of vaccinia virus (VACV) containing mutations in the E3L virulence gene to protect mice against a lethal poxvirus challenge after vaccination by scarification. VACV strains with mutations in the E3L gene had significantly decreased pathogenicity, even in immune deficient mice, yet retained the ability to produce a potent Th1-dominated immune response in mice...
Interferons were the first of the anti-viral innate immune modulators to be characterized, initially characterized solely as anti-viral proteins [reviewed in Le Page, C., Genin, P., Baines, M.G., Hiscott, J., 2000. Inteferon activation and innate immunity. Rev. Immunogenet. 2, 374–386]. As we have progressed in our understanding of the interferons they have taken a more central role in our understanding...
The process of eukaryotic translation initiation can be regulated by a highly conserved mechanism involving the phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 on the α subunit. This mechanism is recognized as an efficient step in the host antiviral response. Vaccinia virus (VV), like many other viruses, encodes proteins to overcome this inhibitory process. The C-terminus of the vaccinia...
Orf virus (OV), the prototypic parapoxvirus, is resistant to the effects of interferon (IFN) and this function of OV has been mapped to the OV20.0L gene. The protein product of this gene shares 31% amino acid identity to the E3L-encoded protein of vaccinia virus (VV) that is required for the broad host range and IFN-resistant phenotype of VV in cells in culture and for virulence of the virus in vivo...
Vaccinia virus encodes two regulators of the cellular antiviral response. The E3L gene is thought to act primarily by sequestering double-stranded RNA, whereas the K3L gene is thought to act as a competitive inhibitor of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR. The broad host range associated with vaccinia virus replication appears to be related to the presence of these genes. The E3L...
Several viruses have been shown to code for proteins that specifically bind to double-stranded RNA or RNA with large amounts of secondary structure. These proteins have been implicated in providing interferon resistance to viruses and in inhibiting induction of apoptosis by viruses, and have been suggested to be involved in regulation of viral and cellular protein synthesis in infected cells. This...
Double-stranded RNA is a potent inducer of interferon, a modulator of the expression of a number of other genes involved in the response of cells to virus infection, an activator of the interferon-induced antiviral state, and may be involved in differentiation, induction of apoptosis, and control of oncogenic transformation. This review will attempt to summarize what is known about the cellular proteins...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.