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Urolithiasis is common, affecting 10% of Caucasian men. Factors affecting stone formation can be intrinsic to the individual and are influenced by environmental factors.Patients presenting with loin/groin pain to the surgical team are common and ureteric colic should be considered in this group. The relevant investigations with regards to blood, urine and imaging tests to diagnose stone disease are...
Although there is general agreement that the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway is required for positive selection of CD4 T cells in the thymus, the role of this pathway in CD8 lineage commitment remains controversial. We show here that the differentiation of isolated cultured thymocytes to the CD8 as well as CD4 T cell lineage is sensitive to MEK inhibition and that both CD4 and CD8 thymocyte differentiation...
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