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Research on cavitation erosion in liquid metals is very important to confirm the safety of fast breeder reactors and industrial machinery. However, researches on the cavitation erosion in liquid metal are few compared with the study in water. In this study, the effect of the temperature on cavitation erosion in liquid metals is clarified. A cavitation erosion apparatus was developed to carry out erosion...
Cavitation often occurs in inducer pumps of space rockets. Silver plated coating on the inducer liner faces the damage of cavitation. In this study, we carried out cavitation erosion tests using silver plated coatings with different thermodynamic parameter at a constant cavitation number. Then we carried out cavitation erosion tests using some liquid with the same thermodynamic parameter and cavitation...
In steam piping systems containing liquid droplets, pipe walls are sometimes damaged by droplet impingement. One of the most important parameters affecting erosion is the impact angle. No research has been conducted on the effect of the impact angle on erosion for pipe steels. In this study, a jet nozzle was used for high pressure impingement tests of S15C, SUS304 and STPA24, and a spray nozzle for...
It is well known that cavitation occurs in inducer pumps used for space rockets. The silver plated coating on the inducer liner faces erosion damage. In this study, we carried out cavitation erosion tests on seven silver plated coatings with the stationary specimen method using a vibratory apparatus. We analyzed the erosion behavior of these coatings and discussed their erosion resistance. The erosion...
Cavitation erosion tests were carried out for plastics, i.e. for epoxy resin, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene and polyamide 66, and the relation between cavitation erosion resistance and the mechanical properties was examined. Cavitation erosion resistance of plastics ranges between half and 30 times that of carbon steel. The cavitation erosion of plastics was caused by fatigue fracture similar...
The prediction of cavitation erosion rates is important in order to evaluate the approximate life of components in fluid machinery. The measurement of impact loads in bubble collapses helps us to predict the life under cavitation erosion. In this study, we carried out the erosion tests and measured impact loads in bubble collapses with a cavitating liquid jet apparatus which complies with the ASTM...
Cavitation erosion is a form of damage which occurs in many types of fluid machinery such as water turbines, pumps and torque converters, as well as in industrial machines such as cylinder liners of diesel engines, ship propellers and valves. We have constructed a database of cavitation erosion and analyzed carbon steel data. In this study, erosion resistance was analyzed for cast iron, aluminum alloys,...
Both cavitation erosion and liquid impingement erosion are phenomena that can cause pipe wall thinning in power plants. The Code for Power Generation Facilities, Rules on Pipe Wall Thinning Management, was published by the JSME (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers) in 2005. The code says that cavitation erosion shall be prevented either in the design stage or by daily inspection. On the other hand,...
The authors previously found that the change in volume loss rate with the exposure time can be expressed by a logistic curve. In this study, the validity of this model is examined for various materials such as pure aluminum, carbon steels, stainless steels, cobalt alloys, and so on. The MDE (mean depth of erosion) d as a function of the exposure time can be expressed by three parameters α, β and c...
Cavitation erosion data have been accumulated in our laboratory for about 32 years since 1970. The database was constructed as electronic data in MS Excel files. The data files are able to offer quick search in terms of the test material, test method and test conditions from among 859 data. In this study, 131 data since 2003 were newly added to the database constructed in our previous study. The stainless...
Cavitation erosion testing machine for low-temperature melting alloy liquid was developed by using a vibratory apparatus. The erosion tests of SUS304 were carried out in three kinds of lead–bismuth and deionized water. We defined a relative temperature as the percentage between freezing and boiling points. At relative temperature at 14°C, the erosion rate is 10–12 times in various lead–bismuth alloys,...
Stellite alloys have excellent cavitation erosion resistance and are often used for liquid machinery, but the erosion properties of various stellite alloys have not been evaluated by a standard method. In this study, we evaluate the erosion resistance for various stellite alloy weld overlays of ST6 and ST21 in a vibrating method and in a cavitating liquid jet method. The grain size of the Co matrix...
The Research Committee on Cavitation Erosion in the Turbomachinery Society of Japan has already reported the prediction method of cavitation erosion rate. However, the scattering between the predicted rate and the measured rate is 100 times. In this study, we compare fundamental data of stainless steels collected by the Committee with the data obtained in our laboratory. The influence of material...
Cavitation erosion often causes the leakage of water in piping systems of industrial plants. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out for S15C carbon steel equivalent to pipe steel STPG370 in a stationary specimen test method using a vibratory apparatus specified by ASTM G32-03. Another test was performed using a cavitating liquid jet method according to ASTM G134-95 to simulate the flow condition...
A cavitation erosion vibratory apparatus was developed to test in low-temperature melting alloys. The temperature of the test can be changed from room temperature to 150°C. The erosion tests of SUS304 were carried out in liquid lead–bismuth metal and in deionized water. The erosion rate was discussed in terms of a relative temperature defined as the percentage between freezing and boiling points....
Slurry jet tests were conducted for pure aluminum, pure copper, cast martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and cast steel. The flow velocity of the slurry was 10m/s, the slurry concentration was 1mass%, and the impingement angle was 90°. Moreover, the particle behavior was calculated using a commercial code for a flow analysis, STAR-CD. The relation between volume loss of material...
Cavitation erosion was studied for various pure titanium and titanium alloy samples using a rotating disk method in seawater at 303, 318, and 333K. Their respective erosion resistances were evaluated in terms of Vickers hardness (HV). The resistance increased in order with increasing hardness: pure titanium samples of first, second, and third types, and titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V). The relative temperature...
Cavitation erosion tests were carried out by using Ti–Ni base SMAs (shape memory alloys) with the addition of third elements (Co, Fe, V and Cu) to Ti–Ni SMA. The erosion resistance and its mechanism are discussed. Erosion resistance of Ti–Ni base SMAs is about 1/4 to 1/2 as compared with that of Ti–Ni SMA, but it is about 6–16 times higher than that of SUS304. It was found that the erosion resistance...
The influence of water temperature on cavitation erosion has previously been studied using a vibratory apparatus, but no researches have been conducted at a constant cavitation number in flow condition. This study deals with the influence of the water temperature on cavitation erosion using a cavitating jet apparatus. The optimum stand-off distance at 25°C was 11, 15, 21 and 25mm at cavitation number...
Slurry wear tests were carried out for base metal SCS6, HP/HVOF thermal-sprayed DTS-W110 (1), arc-sprayed 56W 2 C/Ni/Cr and spray-fused coating of self-fluxing alloy material 41WC/Ni/Cr/Co. The slurry jet test apparatus was used for the slurry wear test. The flow velocity was 10–40m/s, and the impingement angle ranged from 90° to 15°. It was found that the volume loss rate of all test materials...
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