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Many herbivorous insects sequester defensive chemicals from their host plants. We tested sequestration fitness costs in the specialist moth Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). We added pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) to an artificial diet at different concentrations. Of all the larval and adult fitness components measured, only development time was negatively affected by PA concentration. These...
One of the most important shifts in evolutionary biology in the past 50 years is an increased recognition of sluggish evolution and failures to adapt, which seem paradoxical in view of abundant genetic variation and many instances of rapid local adaptation. I review hypotheses of evolutionary constraint (or restraint), and suggest that although constraints on individual characters or character complexes...
Plant chemical defenses and escape from natural enemies have been postulated to select for dietary specialization in herbivorous insects. In field and laboratory bioassays, we evaluated the effectiveness of intact and chemically modified larval shield defenses of the generalist Chelymorpha alternans and the specialists Acromis sparsa and Stolas plagiata (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) against three natural...
Jest to recenzja książki Michaela J. Behe'ego Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (The Free Press, New York 1996), zawierającej krytykę ewolucjonizmu. Futuyma krytykuje tezę Behe'ego, że nieredukowalna złożoność układów biochemicznych świadczy o tym, iż zaprojektował je jakiś inteligentny projektant, tj. nie zostały one utworzone stopniowo dzięki działaniu doboru naturalnego...
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