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Membrane traffic pathways require the transport of material between successive organelles, which in neurons may be more than one meter apart. This traffic involves a varied mix of microtubule- and actin-based motility, driven by dynein, kinesin family members and myosins. In this chapter, we will describe the morphology and movement of me membrane carriers that transport material between organelles...
Empyema thoracis has remained a persistent clinical challenge since being described in the Hippocratric corpus.1 Fundamental therapeutic goals are well established: removal of infected fluid, disruption of loculations, and lung re-expansion. Historically, surgical therapy was accomplished with chest tube drainage and/or thoracotomy. The advent of video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), fibrinolytic...
The efficient handover in the IEEE 802.11 networks is the key requirement for real-time multimedia support in such networks. The handover delay is significantly limited with the Fast Transition protocol introduced in 802.11r amendment. However, the whole handover process remains too disruptive for the real-time services. Network scanning is the most important handover delay factor. The article introduces...
The handover performance is critical to support multimedia services in the wireless networks. The algorithm should allow fast selection of the most suitable Access Point. However, in most solutions the handover is reactive and causes Mobile Station to reassociate with the Access Point that offers the strongest received strength signal at a time. The station may miss the chance to handover to the Access...
Multimedia services are becoming increasingly available over the wireless devices. Handover performance has a direct impact on user satisfaction from such services. The high transition delay can be unaccepted for the multimedia application or can be a source of disruption on the session. On the other side, IEEE 802.11 standard is being extended with new functionalities. Security and QoS features,...
During interdomain handover, IPv6 node requires a new address at its new location. Once the L2 handover procedure is completed, the mobile node (MN) starts its IPv6 configuration process, using stateless (router advertisements) or stateful (DHCPv6) mode. When so-called care-of address (CoA) is assigned, its uniqueness has to be verified, using Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) procedure. Depending...
This paper presents an analysis of queuing and propagation delays of inter-satellite links (ISLs) in broadband low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. It is shown that queuing delays are negligible in all reasonable working conditions of the broadband ISL network. This fact makes it possible to simplify the routing protocols in such networks and permits using already known multi-commodity flow solutions...
The first generation of fully conformant IEEE 802.16-based networks is being deployed throughout the world. Most of these networks do not support full mobility, due to radio access layer limitations. Newer solutions, based on IEEE 802.16-2005 standard, offer mobility support for subscriber stations. Unfortunately, after quickly changing the point of attachment on the WiMAX layer, very slow and inefficient...
Wireless networks are becoming increasingly popular. These wireless solutions range from personal networks (e.g. Bluetooth), through local (e.g. WiFi) and metropolitan area networks (e.g. WiMax) up to the cellular networks that offer the coverage almost everywhere. As the number of different wireless technologies grows, a unified and standardized mobility support algorithm for heterogeneous networks...
Numbat is a new simulation environment, developed with IPv6 mobile stations supporting WiMAX in mind. To provide near real-time capabilities (required for VoIP or video streaming) in a mobile environment, full handover procedure has to be as fast as possible. Both investigated components - IEEE 802.16 based networks and IPv6 capable nodes - are rapidly gaining acceptance. Therefore it appears essential...
This paper presents an analysis of speedup advantages noticeable by users of satellite networks when these users are offered higher bandwidth satellite links. The final outcome of the analysis is that the maximum advantages for interactive and transactional communication are limited and become unnoticeable when a critical bandwidth value is achieved. These limits cannot be overcome with any system,...
This document describes main concept and implementation of online games portal. The idea was to create distributed object application managed by web page administrator and implement online games in order to present the result of our solution.
This article discusses controllability of a Timoshenko beam slowly rotating in a horizontal plane. A linearized model was considered. In the null-controllability conditions of this system has been found in similar form in terms of convergence of series
Dynamics of formation and evolution of the hydrogen liner in the inverse Z-pinch configuration, and nuclear reaction (pd → 3He+γ(5.5 MeV) in the ultra low range of collision energies were studied at the pulsed power generator MIG. The upper limits for the astrophysical S-factor and effective cross section of the pd reaction in the proton-deuteron collision energy range of 2.7–16.7 keV have been obtained.
Direct experimental estimate of the upper limit of the d + d → 3H e + n cross-section at deuteron energies below the keV region is obtained for the first time. The experiment was performed at the Pulsed Ion Beam Accelerator of the High-Current Electronics Institute in Tomsk, using high intensity, radially converging deutron beams, generated during implosion of liner plasma. A two-jet liner made of...
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