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INTRODUCTION: Chemokines, together with neurotransmitters and hormones, are signaling molecules that play a key role in the maintenance of the neuro‑immune‑endocrine system homeostasis. Accumulating evidence shows that they can modulate the activity of neurons through different mechanisms. One of their members, CX3CL1, and its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, play a crucial role in neuronal‑microglia signaling...
INTRODUCTION: Neuronal synchronization depends on many factors including HCN channel action. They are voltage-gated ion channels that mediate an inward cationic current dependent on hyperpolarization. There is sparse evidence for their contribution to neuronal plasticity, learning and memory, epilepsy, or Alzheimer’s disease. HCN channels can be found in the hippocampus (HPC) and are thought to be...
INTRODUCTION: Theta rhythm typically occurs during memory processes, REM sleep, and spatial navigation but also in epilepsy, migraines, or even mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence shows that well-synchronized theta rhythm can successfully be recorded locally from the posterior hypothalamic area (PHa), specifically from the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) and the posterior hypothalamic nuclei...
INTRODUCTION: The amygdala mediates unconscious reactions and is responsible for emotional memory formation and attachment of subjective emotional valence to various stimuli. The amygdala complex expresses 5-HT7 receptors in a high density, however, their function in this structure remains poorly investigated. AIM(S): The present experiments were aimed at determining the effects of 5-HT7 receptor...
INTRODUCTION: Theta rhythm is one of the brain rhythms’ patterns, which are evidence for neuronal synchrony. This pattern of rhythmic activity is related to sensorimotor integration, mnemonic functions, or spatial orientation and navigation. However, it is also linked to pathological conditions, for instance: Alzheimer’s disease, post‑traumatic stress disorder, and depression. In the last decade,...
The amygdala is a part of the limbic system involved in emotional processing, which is highly connected with other areas of the brain. Its basolateral region (BLA) re‑ ceives many inputs, including those from prefrontal cor‑ tex, hippocampus, and thalamus. Moreover, the amygdala receives robust innervation from the raphe nuclei. The last serotonin receptor to be discovered, 5-HT7, is highly expressed...
The 5‑HT7 receptor has been implicated in mood reg‑ ulation, circadian rhythmicity, and sleep, the disturbances of which are evident in the course of depressive disorders. Research into 5‑HT7 receptor signalling in the hippocam‑ pus has indicated that activation of the 5‑HT7 receptor increases the excitability of pyramidal neurons of the CA1 and CA3 areas. The aim of our study was to investigate ionic...
INTRODUCTION: Emerging evidence suggests the 5-HT7 receptor as a therapeutic target in stress-related disorders. Precise effects of the 5‑HT7‑mediated regulation of neuronal excitability remain to be elucidated. Preliminary recordings from rat CA1 piramidal neurons showed that 5-HT7 activation shortens the latency of the first spike in response to depolarization. Due to their rapid kinetics and fast...
INTRODUCTION: Experimental evidence points to the 5-HT7 receptor as a potential therapeutic target for affective and neurodevelopmental disorders. The cellular/ ionic mechanisms following the activation of the 5-HT7 receptor signaling pathway have not yet been fully characterized. Our preliminary recordings from hippocampal neurons have shown that 5-HT7 activation, in addition to increasing neural...
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