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INTRODUCTION: During the past few years it has become clear that both ethanol and cannabinoids affect adolescents and adults differently. For example, both Δ9‑tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ethanol disrupt spatial learning more potently in adolescents than adults. The fact that both ethanol and THC impair learning and learning-related hippocampal function more potently in adolescents than in adults...
INTRODUCTION: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), named as gliptins, are a class of oral antihyperglycemic drugs. They block enzyme – DPP-4, elevating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level. Commonly DPP-4 inhibitors are used to treat diabetes mellitus. An increasing number of data demonstrate that GLP-1 acts as neuropeptide in brain. The exact mechanism of GLP-1 in brain is unclear. It has...
INTRODUCTION: Mephedrone is a cathinone derivative that possesses powerful psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects. It is known that mephedrone may act by increasing release and reuptake inhibition of serotonine and dopamine. Mephedrone has a high abuse and health risk liability, with increased tolerance, sensitization, impaired control and a compulsion to use, the predominant reported dependence...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In morphine addicted patients, chronic treatment with various abusers is interspersed with drugfree periods (periods of sleep or unsuccessful attempts to treat). These repeated withdrawal periods may intensify the withdrawal episode. These data inspired us to examine if repeated withdrawal periods has the effect on the severity of naloxone-induced withdrawal signs in rats. We...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Repeated administration of benzodiazepines can alter GABAA receptors, which contributes to the development of dependence and often limits their clinical use. Although multiple chemical mediators are now hypothesized to be involved in the addictive effect of benzodiazepines, the mechanisms involved in the benzodiazepine dependence are not fully understood. The aim of the present...
Benzodiazepines (BZ) have long been known to impair memory as a result of their action at γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. But it is not clear what stages of memory (acquisition, consolidation or retrieval) are affected by BZ. Flunitrazepam (FNZ) – one of the BZ drug – has highly ability to cause amnesia and it is known as a daterape drug. Recent evidence suggests that agmatine (AGM), the metabolite...
In the presented study the effect of continuous and sporadic treatment with morphine (MPH) on the severity of MPH withdrawal signs was examined in rats. Also, the effect of A1 and A2A adenosine agonists (N6-cyclopentyladenosine and 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino5’-N- ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride, respectively) on development of this sensitization was studied. Rats were treated with...
In the present experiments the effect of perinatal lead exposure on development of morphine dependence in rats was examined. Female rats were gavaged daily with 0.1 % lead acetate solution. Lead ions were administered through pregnancy and two months through lactation. In the same time control animals received water. The development of morphine dependence was obtained by administration of increasing...
Antidepressant-like activity of zinc in the forced swim test (FST) was demonstrated previously. Enhancement of such activity by joint administration of zinc and antidepressants was also shown. However, mechanisms involved in this activity have not yet been established. The present study examined the involvement of the NMDA and AMPA receptors in zinc activity in the FST in mice and rats. Additionally,...
Literature data show the relationship between L-arginine:NO:cGMP pathway and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated transmission in the central nervous system. Benzodiazepines are known to enhance the GABA-ergic neurotransmission and well established as inhibitory modulators of memory processing. More-over, the role of NO in learning and memory processes has been proposed. The present studies were designed...
Behavioural sensitization is an enhancement of certain drug-induced effects which develops following repeated, intermittent exposure to opioids and psychoactive drugs. The sensitization can be measured in various animal models, e.g. conditioned place preference paradigm. In the present studies we undertook to investigate an involvement of adenosine receptor agonists in expression of sensitization...
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