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Non-invasive and continuous accurate monitoring of a patients cardiovascular system can help to assure the early detection of potential abnormalities and trigger a prompt hemodynamic assessment. Such an assessment system is possible due to current advances in optical spectroscopy and signal processing. This paper presents a novel optical sensor system which facilitates the real-time monitoring of...
The left-ventricular stroke volume is an important direct indicator of the heart efficiency and perfusion of the vessels. Currently a valid measurement of the beat volume can only be implemented by invasive measurements procedures at the hospitals worldwide. Arterial catheterization is limited to intensive care unit (ICU) usage, costly and potential risky. Some available noninvasive methods yield...
Objective: develop signal processing algorithm for the removal of disturbances not related to treatment course and compare with available clinical data. Methods: The study included 20 treatments from 19 uremic patients, 12 males and 4 females. Treatment instability was assessed with instability coefficient. Finally, Kt/V values obtained from optical signals were compared with laboratory results. Results:...
This paper discusses the design of a CMOS-MEMS diffraction grating for a micro spectrophotometer with application in non-invasive glucose monitoring based on differential near-infrared spectro photometry. There are typically two factors discussed with respect to diffraction gratings: spectral range and optical resolution. An analysis of the tradeoff between these two parameters was performed for the...
A crucial point in the haemodialysis (HD) treatment is the reliable assessment of hydration status. An inadequate removed volume may lead to chronic fluid overload which can lead to hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Therefore, the estimation of the hydration state and the management of a well-tolerated water removal is an important challenge. This exploratory study aims...
Monitoring cardiac output (CO) is important for the management of patient circulation in an operation room (OR) or intensive care unit (ICU). We assumed that the change in pulse wave transit time (PWTT) obtained from an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a pulse oximeter wave is correlated with the change in stroke volume (SV), from which CO is derived. The present study reports the verification of this...
For monitoring the health status of individuals, detection of breathing and heart activity is important. From an electrical point of view, it is known that breathing and heart activity change the electrical impedance distribution in the human body over the time due to ventilation (high impedance) and blood shifts (low impedance). Thus, it is possible to detect both important vital parameters by measuring...
Blood is a scarce resource critical to the management of a variety of life-threatening medical conditions. It can also be a medium for the transmission of infections, including HIV. Monitoring the quality and quantity of available blood, essential to utilizing it as effectively as possible, has been a challenge in many developing countries. This paper describes the design and implementation of a Web-based...
In the UK, a dasiacarerpsila is someone who, unpaid, looks after a family member, friend or partner who could not manage without them because of frailness, illness or disability. In this paper, we present research on the role of the carer, and describe why it is important to consider carers in the design of new healthcare technology to support people to self care. By self care, we mean supporting...
The availability of mobile healthcare systems is increasing in demand. The world's population today is faced with many health challenges all of which require the patient to be more empowered and monitor his own health. This research focuses on some of the mobile healthcare systems available for the monitoring of two chronic non-communicable diseases: diabetes and hypertension. The study investigates...
Patients admitted to the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit are closely monitored by different devices that generate alarms when an abnormality is detected. However, most alarms do not signify a life-threatening event. During a four month period 34,827 alarms were collected electronically. The most frequent alarm categories were related to mechanical ventilation (42.2%), blood pressure (32.3%), electrocardiogram...
Drug development and personalized therapy require accurate and frequent monitoring of the metabolic response by living tissues to treatments. In case of high risk side effects, e.g. therapies with interfering anti-cancer molecule cocktails, direct monitoring of the patientpsilas drugs metabolism is essential as the metabolic pathways efficacy is highly variable on a patient-by-patient basis. Currently,...
In this paper we present an improvement project conducted at a unit responsible for blood thinning treatment at Lidkoping hospital in Sweden. The unit coordinates and monitors the treatment of 1200 patients and consists of a heart specialist and five specially trained nurses. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant (blood thinning) treatment effective for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events...
This paper presents a versatile mobile system to monitor oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HB) concentration changes in brain and tissues. The system uses global system for mobile communications (GSM) and Bluetooth networks to provide extended mobility. The system consists of three parts: a wireless near-infrared light sensor with Bluetooth support, a personal digital assistant...
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