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Common spatial patterns (CSPs) are a way of spatially filtering EEG signals to increase the discriminability between the filtered variance/power between the two classes. The proposed canonical correlation approach to CSP (CCACSP) utilizes temporal information in the time series, in addition to exploiting the covariance structure of the different classes, to find filters which maximize the bandpower...
The motor cortex is a promising source of signals for driving prosthetic devices to aid movement-impaired individuals. Successful studies in this area have limited subject control to specific task periods. However, real-world applications will require continuous control, which is problematic when the subject does not intend to produce movement. We have previously shown that patterns of neural activity...
In the past decade, a lot of invasive BMIs (Brain-Machine Interfaces) directly using nerve action potentials within brain are reported to control external devices such as prostheses and robots. Meanwhile, non-invasive BMIs are developed to provide a communication tools to the external world mostly for the disabled. In our study, we try to establish a BMI technology not only to be used for the disabled...
Recent studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown disrupted topological organizations of both functional and anatomical brain networks in AD patients, suggesting that AD might be a disease related to disconnection between brain regions. White matter (WM)-based anatomical network can be weighted by fractal anisotropy (FA), which reflects the integrity of axons and myelin sheaths. Thus, study on...
In this study, we analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recorded via subdural grid electrodes from patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy, measuring interelectrode wavelet phase coherence (WPC), between neighbouring and distant cortical areas, during interictal and ictal activity. As several studies have explored phase coherence in the epileptic brain, in relation to lower rhythms (< 80 Hz), we have...
Many efforts have been directed towards the characterization of nature and meaning of neural motor commands in persons with or without hand amputation. Microneurography is a well-established tool for afferent recordings, which could be potentially employed for a deeper understanding of hand motor control during manipulation tasks. Furthermore, it could hopefully enhance the assessment of users' capability...
The primary aim of this study was to select the optimal feature subset for discrimination of three dimensions of emotions (arousal, valence, liking) from subjects using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The EEG signals were collected from 25 channels on 21 healthy subjects whilst they were watching movie segments with emotional content. The band power values extracted from eleven frequency bands,...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to study brain function and is being investigated as a possible treatment for a variety of neurological disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases. Most studies implementing TMS utilize adult subjects but the method may also be a beneficial tool in the treatment of pediatric patients. It is known that the structure of pediatric brains differ to those...
Myoelectric pattern recognition (PR) can provide a more intuitive control for upper limb amputees in using multifunction prosthesis than direct control. Accuracy of a pattern recognition system has been shown to improve with increasing number of EMG channels. However, increasing the number of channels comes with a drawback of increased weight, cost and complexity of the prosthesis. This paper presents...
Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) transfer motor and sensory signals between amputee and prosthesis. Von Frey (VF) monofilaments are used clinically to evaluate sensory feedback but have not been validated at locations used in our rodent studies. Our purposes were to determine VF sensory test reliability at the ankle and thigh, and to evaluate sensory function of Mixed Nerve (MN) and...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), and other electromagnetic stimulation modalities have been used to apply neuromodulation but their working mechanism remains largely unknown. This study aims to introduce a computer model for membrane potential dynamics induced by electromagnetic stimulation. In the simulation, realistic neuron morphologies are...
The objective of the study was to investigate the electrochemical properties of porous titanium nitride electrodes in vivo and in vitro for a period of 53 days. Four electrodes were implanted in two pigs and four electrodes were kept in phosphate buffered saline at 37.5 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, voltage transient measurements, cyclic voltammetry and electrical stimulation were applied...
Human walking involves considerable cortical control, but brain imaging technology has not previously enabled investigation of brain networks during locomotion. We combined experimental electroencephalography (EEG) analysis of 18 subjects and neural mass modeling approaches to investigate functional neural connectivity during walking on uneven terrain. Both approaches revealed a pattern of connectivity...
In order to judiciously compare neural responses between repeated trials or stimuli, a well-suited distance metric is necessary. With multi-electrode recordings, a neural response is a spatiotemporal pattern, but not all of the dimensions of space and time should be treated equally. In order to understand which dimensions of the input are more discriminative and to improve the classification performance,...
Robotic limbs can enable individuals with impaired mobility and motor system output to interact with their physical environment. Many of these individuals do not have the motor control necessary to utilize their hands to control an assistive device. We hypothesize both healthy and post-stroke individuals can modulate sensorimotor rhythms with motor imagery to control of a human-size robotic arm and...
Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is an electroencephalogram (EEG) activity elicited by periodic visual flickers. Frequency-coded SSVEP has been commonly adopted for functioning brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Up to date, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), a multivariate statistical method, is considered to be state-of-the-art to robustly detect SSVEPs. However, the spectra of EEG...
Current movement prediction systems based on electroencephalography were mainly developed and evaluated in highly controlled scenarios, in which subjects concentrate only on the desired task with as few as possible disturbing sources present. However, it has not been addressed sufficiently how the suggested methods perform in more complex and uncontrolled environments. In this work we predict arm...
This paper describes a telemetric interactive intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) and simultaneous recording device developed to deliver chronic microstimulation to the ipsilateral cortex and monitor evoked responses from the contralateral cortex. The embedded device was developed utilizing a Programmable System on a Chip (PSoC) microcontroller that can be remotely configured through Bluetooth....
In this study, we investigated that whether covertly spoken words with different meaning are discriminable during electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Neural activities were recorded from 30 channel 10–20 system electrodes. By employing a paired T-test, we briefly identify the difference in spatio-spectro-temporal characteristics between two categories of meaning (number and face). EEG features...
Measuring discrete-trial motor-related brain activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is considered difficult. This is because its spatial resolution is much lower than that of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and its signals include non-motion-related artifacts. To detect changes in hemoglobin induced by movements, most fNIRS studies have used a block design in which...
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