Te article presents anarchist groups operating in Bialystok during the 1905-1907 Revolution as well as the profiles of Bialystok anarchists and their activity at that time. Te study includes the then social and economic specificity as well as conditions and realities of political practice. It describes and analyzes the essence of anarchist groups’ activity in the discussed period on a theoretical and praxeological level. Whereas on a doctrine level, the article outlines the sources and dynamisms of evolution of anarchistic ideology in connection with the course of the then social processes. Te subject of the structural and functional analysis is Bialystok anarchist movement perceived as a social and political phenomenon. Te analysis was performed based on the research of resource materials concerning the discussed issue, period and relevant literature. Te article is a scientific study free of para-methodological evaluation and apolitical. It is a historical and sociological study of the existing events, attitudes and conduct of individuals and groups participating in them. Te content of the text should not be treated as ennoblement or depreciation of any ideology, or interpreted as glorification of violence.