The outbreak of military actions on 1st September 1939 coincided with the general mobilization proclaimed a day before( on 31st September). the fact resulted in increased railway and road traffic in Polesia, however, it was unnecessary to undertake special activities to ensure safety during the first days of the war in the whole eastern part of Poland. a long with the larger influx of refugees the atmosphere in Polesia was getting worse. that was the evident proof confirming alarming information from the front line. Even the most effective authorities would not have been able to improve public sentiment after 10th September1939. the main line of defence against the attacking German troops ran from Brest (Brześć) to Pinsk (Pińsk)whereas the territory from Pinsk to the Soviet border was of the less significance at that time. after the Soviet union invasion of Poland on 17th September1939 the situation changed radically not only in the field of military actions but also in the political sphere. Peaceful Polesia thus far began to rage. a part of the local Jewish and Belarusian community refused obedience to perplexed by the current state of affairs Polish authorities. 17th September 1939 became a turning point in Polish politics which showed its weaknesses. the Second Polish republic was able to control the situation in Polesia ,nevertheless, it could not gain the loyalty of local national minorities