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article

Emergence and adaptive evolution of Nipah virus

Kemang Li, Shiyu Yan, Ningning Wang, Wanting He, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 121 - 132

Since its first emergence in 1998 in Malaysia, Nipah virus (NiV) has become a great threat to domestic animals and humans. Sporadic outbreaks associated with human‐to‐human transmission caused hundreds of human fatalities. Here, we collected all available NiV sequences and combined phylogenetics, molecular selection, structural biology and receptor analysis to study the emergence and adaptive evolution...

article

Malignant catarrhal fever: An emerging yet neglected disease in captive sika deer (Cervus nippon) herds in China

Hongwei Zhu, Na Sun, Youzhi Li, Tao Feng, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 149 - 158

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease that represents a serious problem in the deer‐rearing industry. To better understand an MCF‐like disease that has emerged in northern China since 2015, we investigated ten cases by documenting clinical and epidemiological data and analysing causative agents and histopathological changes. In addition, a retrospective screen for...

article

Model of persistent foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate

Sara Hägglund, Eve Laloy, Katarina Näslund, Florian Pfaff, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 133 - 148

Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in livestock, with serious consequences for international trade. The virus persists in the nasopharynx of cattle and this slows down the process to obtain an FMDV‐free status after an outbreak. To study biological mechanisms, or to identify molecules that can be targeted to diagnose or interfere with persistence, we developed...

article

Marek's disease viruses circulating in commercial poultry in Italy in the years 2015–2018 are closely related by their meq gene phylogeny

Giulia Mescolini, Caterina Lupini, Irit Davidson, Paola Massi, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 98 - 107

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease important to the poultry industry worldwide; it is caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV‐2). The virulence of GaHV‐2 isolates has shifted over the years from mild to virulent, very virulent and very virulent +. Nowadays the disease is controlled by vaccination, but field strains of increased virulence are emerging worldwide. Economic losses...

article

Extended sequencing of vaccine and wild‐type capripoxvirus isolates provides insights into genes modulating virulence and host range

Siddhartha Biswas, Ryan S. Noyce, Lorne A. Babiuk, Oliver Lung, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 80 - 97

The genus Capripoxvirus in the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae, comprises sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which cause the eponymous diseases across parts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia. These diseases cause significant economic losses and can have a devastating impact on the livelihoods and food security of small farm holders. So...

article

Evaluating the utility of national‐scale data to estimate the local risk of foot‐and‐mouth disease in endemic regions

Mary Andel, Scott Zaari, Phiri Bernard, Andrew McFadden, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 108 - 120

Knowledge of the distribution of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is required if control programmes are to be successful. However, data on the seroprevalence and incidence of affected villages in developing countries with endemic disease are scarce. This is partly due to resource constraints as well as the logistical challenges of conducting intensive surveys and diagnostic testing in remote locations...

article

Phylogeny, pathogenicity and transmissibility of a genotype XII Newcastle disease virus in chicken and goose

Bin Xiang, Ruojin Chen, Jianpeng Liang, Libin Chen, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 159 - 170

Although Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has a worldwide distribution, some NDV genotypes have more regional geographical ranges within continents. In this study, we isolated a subgenotype XIIb NDV strain, Goose/CH/GD/E115/2017 (E115), from geese in Guangdong province, Southern China, in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E115 and six other NDVs from geese in China were grouped under subgenotype...

article

Sloths host Anhanga virus‐related phleboviruses across large distances in time and space

Edmilson F. Oliveira Filho, Andrés Moreira‐Soto, Carlo Fischer, Andrea Rasche, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 11 - 17

Sloths are genetically and physiologically divergent mammals. Phleboviruses are major arthropod‐borne viruses (arboviruses) causing disease in humans and other animals globally. Sloths host arboviruses, but virus detections are scarce. A phlebovirus termed Anhanga virus (ANHV) was isolated from a Brazilian Linnaeus's two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus) in 1962. Here, we investigated the presence...

article

Similar frequency of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV‐3) detection in serum samples of pigs affected by digestive or respiratory disorders and age‐matched clinically healthy pigs

Viviane Saporiti, Taís F. Cruz, Florencia Correa‐Fiz, Jose I. Núñez, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 199 - 205

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV‐3) has been identified in pigs affected by different disease conditions, although its pathogenicity remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of PCV‐3 infection in serum samples from animals suffering from post‐weaning respiratory or digestive disorders as well as in healthy animals. A total of 315 swine serum samples were analysed for...

article

A model for chronic bovine besnoitiosis: Parasite stage and inoculation route are key factors

Carlos Diezma‐Díaz, Ignacio Ferre, Michela Re, Alejandro Jiménez‐Meléndez, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 234 - 249

In this work, an experimental model for chronic besnoitiosis in bovine was developed and characterized. Using a previously established calf model, two new variables (parasite stage and inoculation route) were combined and used. Twelve Holstein Friesian 3‐month‐old male calves were randomly divided into four groups of three animals each. Bradyzoites were obtained from a chronically infected bull and...

article

Outbreak of diarrhoea in piglets caused by novel rotavirus genotype G4P[49] in north‐western district of Bangladesh, February 2014

Shamim Sarkar, Mathew Dioh Esona, Rashi Gautam, Christina J. Castro, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 442 - 449

Group A rotavirus (RVA) associated diarrhoea in piglets represents one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in pig farms worldwide. A diarrhoea outbreak occurred among nomadic piglets in north‐western district of Bangladesh in February 2014. Outbreak investigation was performed to identify the cause, epidemiologic and clinical features of the outbreak. Rectal swabs and clinical information...

article

Fireworks‐like surveillance approach: The case of HPAI H5N1 in wild birds in Europe

Helena Pereira, Marc Artois, Dominique J. Bicout

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 206 - 222

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) risk management requires efficient surveillance of the infection in wild birds for early warning purposes. In this study, our aim was to describe the spread of continent‐wide infection cases using a fireworks model and therefore improve current surveillance systems. The fireworks model is a metaphor illustrating the spread of HPAI as a point source epizootic...

article

Horizontal transmission of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus O/JPN/2010 among different animal species by direct contact

Katsuhiko Fukai, Tatsuya Nishi, Kazuki Morioka, Manabu Yamada, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 223 - 233

Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is highly contagious and easily transmitted among species of cloven‐hoofed animals. To investigate the transmission of FMD virus (FMDV) among different animal species, experimental infections using the O/JPN/2010 strain were performed in cows, goats and pigs. One cow or two goats/pigs were housed with a different species of inoculated animals, and clinical observations,...

article

What do studies in wild mammals tell us about human emerging viral diseases in Mexico?

Pablo Colunga‐Salas, Sokani Sánchez‐Montes, Estefania Grostieta, Luis D. Verde‐Arregoitia, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 33 - 45

Multiple species of viruses circulate in wild mammals, some of them potentially causing zoonosis. Most of the suspected viral zoonotic diseases affecting human patients remain unidentified with regard to their aetiological agent. The aim of this study is to summarize the state of knowledge of the viral richness associated with wild mammals in Mexico throughout 1900–2018 and their relationship with...

article

Characterization of bluetongue virus serotype 28

Velizar Bumbarov, Natalia Golender, Maria Jenckel, Kerstin Wernike, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 171 - 182

Bluetongue virus (Reoviridae; Orbivirus, BTV), which is usually transmitted by biting midges, affects wild and domestic ruminants worldwide, thereby causing an economically important disease. Recently, a putative new BTV strain was isolated from contaminated vaccine batches. In this study, we investigated the genomic and clinical characteristics of this isolate, provisionally designated BTV‐28. Phylogenetic...

article

A systematic review of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes and feline: Geographical distribution trends

Afsaneh Amouei, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mehdi Sharif, Sargis A. Aghayan, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 46 - 64

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is well known for its ability to virtually infect all warm‐blooded vertebrates. Although felines as the definitive hosts have an important role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, there are few descriptions of genetic diversity in the world. The present review study aimed to describe the population structure of T. gondii in these animal species. For the purpose of the...

article

Genetically divergent porcine sapovirus identified in pigs, United States

Leyi Wang, Douglas Marthaler, Richard Fredrickson, Phillip C. Gauger, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 18 - 28

Porcine sapoviruses (SaVs) are genetically diverse and widely distributed in pig‐producing countries. Eight genogroups of porcine SaV have been identified, and genogroup III is the predominant type. Most of the eight genogroups of porcine SaV are circulating in the United States. In the present study, we report detection of porcine SaVs in pigs at different ages with clinical diarrhoea using next‐generation...

article

Retrospective study, full‐length genome characterization and evaluation of viral infectivity and pathogenicity of chimeric porcine deltacoronavirus detected in Vietnam

Kepalee Saeng‐chuto, Patumporn Jermsutjarit, Christopher J. Stott, Dam Thi Vui, more

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases > 67 > 1 > 183 - 198

Increased evidence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) causing diarrhoea in pigs has been reported in several countries worldwide. The virus has currently evolved into three separated groups including US, China and Southeast Asia (SEA) groups. In Vietnam, PDCoV was first reported in 2015. Based on phylogenetic analyses of spike, membrane and nucleocapsid genes, it is suggested that Vietnam PDCoV is...

article

A Month under Occupation: The State against Society

Rishabh Bajoria

Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism > 19 > 3 > 346 - 360

These field notes present personal reflections and observations from the author's visit to Srinagar in June 2017, where he was working as an intern with the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons. The author's nascent understanding of India's attempts to assimilate the Kashmir Valley into the Indian Union was heavily influenced by the 2016 uprising in the Valley following the death of the Hizbul...

article

The Intersectional Dynamics of Political Violence and Gender in the Kurdish Conflict

Mehmet Orhan

Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism > 19 > 3 > 269 - 288

What is the relationship between social, historical, and political dynamics and gender in the use of violence? This research uses the Kurdish conflict to examine this question. On the basis of empirical examples about Kurdish women, it focuses on ethnic identity, patriarchy, social class, generation, and politicization within their historical and spatial variations. It argues that gender dynamics...

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Search results

Emergence and adaptive evolution of Nipah virus

Malignant catarrhal fever: An emerging yet neglected disease in captive sika deer (Cervus nippon) herds in China

Model of persistent foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate

Marek's disease viruses circulating in commercial poultry in Italy in the years 2015–2018 are closely related by their meq gene phylogeny

Extended sequencing of vaccine and wild‐type capripoxvirus isolates provides insights into genes modulating virulence and host range

Evaluating the utility of national‐scale data to estimate the local risk of foot‐and‐mouth disease in endemic regions

Phylogeny, pathogenicity and transmissibility of a genotype XII Newcastle disease virus in chicken and goose

Sloths host Anhanga virus‐related phleboviruses across large distances in time and space

Similar frequency of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV‐3) detection in serum samples of pigs affected by digestive or respiratory disorders and age‐matched clinically healthy pigs

A model for chronic bovine besnoitiosis: Parasite stage and inoculation route are key factors

Outbreak of diarrhoea in piglets caused by novel rotavirus genotype G4P[49] in north‐western district of Bangladesh, February 2014

Fireworks‐like surveillance approach: The case of HPAI H5N1 in wild birds in Europe

Horizontal transmission of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus O/JPN/2010 among different animal species by direct contact

What do studies in wild mammals tell us about human emerging viral diseases in Mexico?

Characterization of bluetongue virus serotype 28

A systematic review of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes and feline: Geographical distribution trends

Genetically divergent porcine sapovirus identified in pigs, United States

Retrospective study, full‐length genome characterization and evaluation of viral infectivity and pathogenicity of chimeric porcine deltacoronavirus detected in Vietnam

A Month under Occupation: The State against Society

The Intersectional Dynamics of Political Violence and Gender in the Kurdish Conflict

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