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This special issue undertakes an examination of the multidimensional perspectives authors have written to address the ongoing struggle in the quest for peace and justice. While there is an abundance of lengthy and detailed scholarly analyses available about the issues of violence, war, and peace and justice, these short, concise essays take a rather unique approach. They look at the topic from a variety...
Background
As of 2019, high unmet contraceptive needs in low‐ and middle‐income countries result in nearly half of all pregnancies being unintended. Additional male contraceptive options could help, but gaps remain in assessing demand for them. As the development of novel male contraceptives progresses, addressing these gaps would help inform policy and scientific direction.
Objectives
Measure...
Introdction
Human spermatogenesis is a complex process that transforms spermatogonial stem cells through mitosis and meiosis to spermatozoa. Testosterone is the key regulator of the terminal stages of meiosis, adherence of spermatids to Sertoli cells, and spermiation. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) may be required for early spermatogenesis and is important for maintaining normal spermatogenesis...
Introduction
Male contraception includes various methods designed to prevent pregnancy by focusing on the male's role in reproduction.
Results
Behavioral methods, such as withdrawal and periodic abstinence, offer non‐invasive alternatives that require self‐control and precise timing to avoid depositing sperm in the female reproductive tract during fertile periods. However, these methods generally...
Introduction
Progress in male contraception development faces the challenge of a lack of regulatory precedent and guidelines on the evidence (trial design and primary endpoint) required for marketing approval. Moreover, the development of a male contraceptive is complicated by the fact that the clinical treatment effect; prevention of pregnancy, is not measured in the patient receiving the intervention...
This perspective provides an overview of issues needed to bring a testosterone‐progestogen combined transdermal male hormonal contraceptive to the market. Large‐scale phase 2b trials are near completion and a pivotal trial to confirm efficacy and safety has been designed. We believe we are close to accomplishing the steps necessary to bring the first male‐directed effective, safe, and reversible...
Introduction
This manuscript presents non‐hormonal male contraceptive development in the context of mitigating risk to investigators and investors.
Objective
The manuscript uses examples to illustrate drug development principles to move a project from discovery to development. The content is intended for those with reproductive biology backgrounds without significant exposure to drug development—particularly...
Introduction
Male contraception with exogenously administered hormones suppresses both luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone leading to low intratesticular testosterone concentration. This results in reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and marked decrease in sperm output in the ejaculate and preventing pregnancy in the female partner.
Prior Studies
Studies of testosterone administered...
Novel male contraceptives have been in development for well over half a century, and despite a robust predicted global market for new methods, funding for research and development has been extremely limited. While the pharmaceutical industry previously supported male contraceptive research and development, industry partners are only spectators in the current space, awaiting a product that has been...
The World Health Organization has been involved in male contraceptive development for over 50 years. In line with its functions and mandate, World Health Organization works with diverse stakeholders to support research, develop norms and standards, engage member states, facilitate prequalification, introduction and scale up, measurement, and tracking of contraceptives. World Health Organization has...
The promising results achieved in male hormonal contraceptive trials over the last decades suggest that new male contraceptives could hit the market soon. In shared decision‐making counseling, couples and their healthcare provider collaborate to make decisions about contraception choices. This model of contraceptive counseling could aid men in taking responsibility for contraception and women in...
Vasectomy is the most commonly performed urologic procedure in the United States and is a highly effective form of male contraception. The introduction of guidelines by urological societies has standardized vasectomy care. Providers should be awadre of the rationale behind these guidelines, as well as key differences among them. While few major changes to vasectomy technique have been adopted over...
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