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The paper deals with the protective relaying of MV rings recently introduced by e-distribuzione, the largest Italian Distribution System Operator (DSO). The paper refers to an existing MV distribution system which includes a loop line. Attention is focused on Cross-Country Faults (CCFs), i.e. two Line-to-Ground Faults simultaneously occurring in two different phases at different locations. A large...
In this paper a single-ended travelling wave-based fault location algorithm is presented with reference to HV (60 kV) overhead unearthed operated lines:the time-frequency characteristics of the travelling wave signal are processed by utilising the phase to modal transformation and the continuous wavelet one. The frequency components of the processed signals are used for the travelling wave speed calculation...
One-criterion parametric optimization by genetic algorithm (GA) of air protective meander line turn cross-section is executed. For this task the quality function which provides geometric mean of wave impedances for even and odd modes of the line (Z) to be equal to the 50 Ω is formulated. All of 4 cross-section parameters of the investigated structure are simultaneously optimized. The results of 5...
Arc flash is one of the leading causes of injury and death in electrical work-related incidents. In recent years, arc flash risk mitigation and protection solutions have become the forefront topics in the electrical industry studies. Conventional techniques provide ways to lower incident energy on installed systems but they add to the system limitations. This is a case study which explores arc flash...
With the aim of improve minig safety, this work presents a new development intended to detect a long eye closure of the drivers of huge mining trucks. Information is being captured with an artificial vision system and the resulting images are being processed using the “dlib” library. The improvements achieved are going to be incorporated in an integrating system intended to globally improve the mining...
In this paper, an existing numerical algorithm for high-accurate computation of exact Carson formulas based on piecewise linear approximation is improved. Carson formulas are used for computing of per-unit-length (pul) self and mutual impedances of infinitely long parallel conductors. The proposed algorithm is based on piecewise quadratic approximation of kernel function and analytical integrations...
This paper discusses an extension of the conventional single-phase transmission line model with uniformly distributed parameters. The derived model can additionally account for non-uniformities of line impedance along the transmission line which may be due to non-uniformities in external conditions along the line (e.g. wind) affecting electrical parameters. In order to provide understanding of the...
The article proposes the operating mode of a compensating reactor in which inductive and capacitive currents are mutually independent. In order to analyse electromagnetic processes in the reactor, the structural model is presented. Equivalent circuits for the reactor with typical T- and P- elements, which allow determining its parameters, are considered. The set of equations by which it is possible...
The internal and external semiconductors in the power cable have semiconducting properties and serve as a polymer material to prevent the concentration of electric fields that may occur between the insulator and the conductor and to uniformly distribute the electric field radially. In this paper, we will construct a model cable using commercial and Nano-semiconductor and evaluate long-term reliability...
Due to environmental and economic incentives, the use of plug-in Electric Vehicles (EVs) is growing in several countries. The batteries of the EVs are recharged by being connected to distribution networks, and the power and energy required during the recharges are high compared to the typical loads. Consequently, the load levels can increase considerably, incurring in negative impacts to the distribution...
Optical systems and Optical Fiber Sensors offer a decisive solution to monitor critical parameters in presence of high electromagnetic interferences as in the case of the T&D network. These sensors can operate safely and, therefore, they are suitable for integration and security application to on-service electrical equipment. In this work we report some examples of RSE optical systems and sensors...
This study presents a novel system that lets the elderly with no previous formal knowledge of music perform in ensembles using a newly developed electronic musical instrument called Cymis. The new system consists of a music conductor, players, an interface, and touch screen PCs. A guide bar on each screen indicates the ideal tempo, and players can achieve a synchronous performance in the ensemble...
We present a triple-band microstrip passive using a quasi-hybrid-ring coupler feeding. The proposed hybrid-ring feeder is based on the rat-race coupling mechanism using a balanced mode arrangement. The input excitation energy is split into two superimposed excitation electromagnetic waves travelling in opposite direction though with equal amplitude but with 1800 phase difference. The proposed feeder...
This paper describes the optimization and the performance evaluation of a Permanent Magnet spring. A dedicated semi-analytical model of the device is developed allowing for fast and accurate evaluation of the force vs. displacement characteristic of an arbitrary arrangement of coaxial ring-shaped PMs. This model is used to define the cost function to find the optimal PMs configuration which realizes...
Installation of Passive Cancellation Loops (PCLs) is an efficient technique to mitigate the magnetic field generated by high voltage overhead lines (OHLs). PCLs were firstly introduced in the late '90s; even if, at present time, they are seldom installed, they are expected to become a widespread solution due to the increasing public attention to EMF exposure. More in detail, they can be a readily...
In order to assess the microshock risk, the automatic detection of currents during surgery is important. To this aim, a prototype, called Protegemed, was designed. In order to introduce the device in Italian operating rooms the compliance assessment with international standards is essential. The results of some electrical safety tests and the identification of a measuring method to detect the microshock...
In this paper, a new numerical algorithm for high-accurate computation of exact Carson formulas is developed. Carson formulas are used for computing of per-unit-length (pul) self and mutual impedances of infinitely long parallel conductors. The proposed algorithm is based on piecewise linear approximation of kernel function and analytical integrations of piecewise-linearized kernel function multiplied...
To enhance the performance of planar type CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells, we introduced MAPbBr3 because MAPbBr3 exhibits longer charge carrier's diffusion length than the MAPbl3. Although the absorption of MAPbI3−xBrx (x = 0.045) perovskite material is blue-shifted to ∼ 4 nm than that of MAPbl3−xBrx (x = 0), the MAPbl3−xBrx (x = 0.045) solar cell showed ∼ 17.7 % enhanced performance (1...
The study includes a comprehensive review of the existing literature and guidelines regarding the effects of sidewall force and tensile strain on power cables during installation. The most appropriate diagnostic test methods required to analyse these effects are also assessed. The results of tests and analysis of the existing literature are then combined in an attempt to determine a realistic basis...
The UK electrical power network is currently transitioning towards a ‘smart grid’. This will be driven by the take up of green devices such as electric vehicle charging units, solar generation and district heating schemes. In order for Distribution Network Operators (DNO) in the UK to balance supply and demand they will need to maximise utilisation of existing assets under challenging conditions....
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