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In this paper, we study the wave propagation within various lossy homogeneous human tissues such as the muscle tissue, brain, skin, and the fat layer at 2.4 GHz using insulated dipole antennas. Path loss (PL) in these tissues is determined by means of measurements and simulations, based on which suitable path loss models are proposed. By understanding the path loss within the human body one can establish...
This paper is aimed to develop a face robot that has a human appearance and can display facial expressions. To display facial expressions, a fishing net based structure is constructed to produce a muscular structure and mimic human face behavior. A tear mechanism is even developed to perform the crying behavior like a human being. Through the experiments, the more natural relationship between humans...
Evaluations for gait rehabilitation is difficult because gait parameters change with individuals and situations, such as walking speeds and step length. Doctors suggest proper rehabilitation programs for patients after performing initial clinical evaluations. For the use of design and control of the NaTUre-gaits (natural and tuneable rehabilitation gait system), this paper provides a clinical analysis...
Muscle activity can be used to generate control signals for prosthetic devices and human-assisting manipulators. Recently, a novel method has been developed to measure muscle movement using a flexible piezoelectric thin film sensor, which is made of oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) film. However, rigorous relationship between muscle activity and the sensor's output has not been clarified. As a preliminary...
There is a huge interest of tissue implanted devices for wireless medical applications with wider bandwidth as medicine day by day and more and more is associated with electronics and electromagnetics. The current medical implant communications service (MICS) with frequency range of 402-405 MHz is not suitable to transfer image data due to bandwidth and regulation limitation. A key component of wireless...
3D visualization and segmentation of organs in abdominal volume images are important in medical image processing for applications such as diagnosis, treatment and surgical planning. However, the abdominal wall leads to difficulties in both visualization and segmentation. These difficulties can be eliminated by removing the abdominal wall. This paper presents an algorithm that removes abdominal wall...
In an expanding number of worldwide clinical trials, conventional loop, dipole and square-patch antennas perform as external hyperthermia applicators for the adjunct treatment of cancer cells at superficial depths inside the human body. A smaller patch design in very close proximity with various phantom tissue models produces focused specific absorption rate (SAR) patterns without significant frequency...
Automated detection of disgust-arousal could have applications in diagnosing and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and Huntington's disease. For achieving this ability, experimental data was used first to examine the thermal response of ??facial muscles of disgust?? to other common negative and positive expressions of emotive states. An attempt was then made to detect disgust-arousal through...
Silk fibroins are widely used in skin wound healing and tissue engineering scaffolds. This study sought to observe proteins adsorption and biocompatibility. Bradford protein assay revealed that the amount of adsorbed proteins was significantly less than that on PVA. The Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamidege Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that more proteins adsorbed onto PVA than that PSFFs...
This paper presents part of an on-going project to design a wearable supportive device, in particular for the facial paralyzed patients to enhance facial expressiveness. As various complications can result in facial disfigurement and loss of functionality in facial muscles it is required to develop a supporting device for people with such conditions. The previously proposed robot mask, which consists...
To measure the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, a novel non-invasive optical measurement system (??=1300 nm) is introduced. Animal and human subjects are used for the experiments. The results of human subjects are compared with the data of ultrasound device measurements, and a high correlation (r=0.94 for n=11) is observed. There are two modes in the corresponding signals measured...
During physical exercise body muscles are activated and heat is generated. In intensive physical activity, heat will be released by sweating to protect the body of overheating. Sweating and convection implies a water loss which can lead to dehydration. To avoid health problems as a result of dehydration, the body water content can be monitored to detect changes early in order to rehydrate in time...
The best way to detect the onset and offset time of muscle activation is through visual decision making by clinical experts like physical therapists. Humans can recognize muscle activation trends recorded from surface EMG signals. Current computer-based algorithms are being researched toward yielding similar results by clinical experts. A new algorithm in this paper has the ability, like humans, to...
Although the mechanomyogram (MMG) has been demonstrated as a viable representation of muscle activity, its potential as a multifunction (>2) control signal has not yet been investigated. This study investigates the discriminability of multiple hand motions using multichannel forearm MMG. With nine able-bodied participants, MMG signals from six sites could be differentiated among eight classes of...
In this study, we describe the application of least square method for muscular strength estimation in hand motion recognition based on surface electromyogram (SEMG). Although the muscular strength can consider the various evaluation methods, a grasp force is applied as an index to evaluate the muscular strength. Today, SEMG, which is measured from skin surface, is widely used as a control signal for...
Introduction: TASER conducted energy weapons (CEW) deliver electrical pulses that can temporarily incapacitate subjects. The goal of this paper is to analyze the distribution of TASER CEW currents in the heart and surrounding organs and to understand theoretical chances of triggering cardiac arrhythmias, of capturing the vagus and phrenic nerves and producing electroporation of skeletal muscle structures...
In order to evaluate and improve multimodal molecular imaging technology, a three-dimensional anatomical model of a BALB/c mouse was developed based on micro-CT imaging with a liver-specific contrast agent Fenestra LC. By using image processing and interactive segmentation methods, we delineated some primary organs and tissues, including the skin, skeleton, muscle, heart, lung, liver and spleen. Finally,...
Mechanomyogram is the recording of the acoustic activity associated with the muscle contraction. While discovered nearly a decade ago with the intention of providing an alternate to the surface electromyogram, it has not yet been investigated thoroughly and there are no current applications associated with MMG. This paper reports an experimental study of MMG against force of contraction and muscle...
The myoelectric signal has played a major role in the development of prosthesis control technology. A myoelectric classification system has the ability to determine a prosthesis user's intent based solely on his or her muscle activity, thereby allowing for more intuitive prosthetic control. Much work has been done on the recognition of upper arm and gross hand movement tasks, but it was not until...
Spectral compression of surface electromyogram (sEMG) is associated with onset of localized muscle fatigue. The spectral compression has been explained based on motor unit synchronization theory. According to this theory, motor units are pseudo randomly excited during muscle contraction, and with the onset of muscle fatigue the recruitment pattern changes such that motor unit firings become more synchronized...
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