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The experiment is to investigate the reliability of two different mechanomyogram (MMG) sensors recording during functional electrical stimulation (FES)-evoked contraction. The MMG based sensors used in this study are vibromyography (VMG) and muscle contraction (MC) sensor. One spinal cord injured (SCI) patient was requested to perform knee extension movements during two sessions of isotonic exercise...
Static stretching is widely used as a preventative treatment for musculoskeletal disabilities by providing muscle hypotonicity, which results from changes in muscle tissue structure. However, the quantitative evaluation of hypotonicity during stretching has had limited success owing to the confounding factor of mechanical stress relaxation. To resolve this problem, we propose a new evaluation method...
By synthesize of emotional facial expressions through manipulating facial parameters, we aim to introduce facial emotion to a neutral facial image. For this, we perform a preprocessing process in which the face region is identified based on the skin color segmentation method. Then face is located with the connected area identification process. The feature points in facial region is examined, extracted...
In this study, an implantable compact printed folded dipole antenna functioning in the Medical Implant Communication Service (MICS) frequency band (402 – 405 MHz) is proposed. The developed antenna, exhibiting dimensions of 19.6 * 2 * 0.254 mm3, is embedded into the skin and muscle tissues of a canonical head and trunk model, respectively. Antenna is easily tuned when implanted into the different...
This study assessed the impact of acute exposure to whole-body vibration in skin temperature of the lower limbs in healthy subjects. Twelve healthy volunteers (mean age 24.55 years) were randomly assigned to two groups and were exposed to different whole-body vibration protocols (35 Hz and 40 Hz frequency and 5–6 mm amplitude). Skin temperature was measured before and immediately after exposure. Infrared...
Microvascular dysfunctions are responsible for the vascular complications of diabetes, frequently observed in obese subjects. The present study was aimed to assess microvascular skin blood flow and related oscillations in hyperglycemic obese subjects. Twenty-eight normoglycemic controls and twenty-nine hyperglycemic subjects were recruited from our Outpatient Clinics. Anthropometric measurements were...
Hypertension causes several microvascular alterations, leading to inadequate blood supply to tissues and target-organ damage. The present study was aimed to investigate microvascular skin blood flow and related oscillations in hypertensive obese subjects. Twenty-eight controls and twenty-seven hypertensive patients were recruited from our Outpatient Clinics. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated...
The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of ensemble averaging to the analysis of electromyography recordings under whole body vibratory stimulation. Recordings from Rectus Femoris, collected during vibratory stimulation at different frequencies, are used. Each signal is subdivided in intervals, which time duration is related to the vibration frequency. Finally the average of the segmented...
We present the design of a soft wearable robotic device composed of elastomeric artificial muscle actuators and soft fabric sleeves, for active assistance of knee motions. A key feature of the device is the two-dimensional design of the elastomer muscles that not only allows the compactness of the device, but also significantly simplifies the manufacturing process. In addition, the fabric sleeves...
Electromyography (EMG) is a signal which produces from motor units (MUs) in the muscles during contraction activities. By detecting EMG, it can show muscle contractions and body members' movement such as hand, eyes and legs. Monitoring and analyzing these signals from the skin which called Surface EMG (SEMG) required some essential components, for example electrode, data acquisition (DAQ) system and...
A custom-built high-speed X-ray imaging system with a maximum frame rate of 2,000 fps was used to visualize the flow of fluid injected using a 27 gauge needle and a needle-free jet injector. Two different needle injection techniques (injection after partial retraction of the needle, and injection after no needle retraction) were evaluated to demonstrate the different flow patterns. For needle-free...
Biological tissues are seen as multilayer structures. We will use in this article a model with three layers: skin, fat and muscle. This structure may be related to a pattern of cascaded lines where each tissue has its own characteristic impedance, permittivity and conductivity. This structure allows us to solve the problem of the surface impedance. Each layer is similar to a line of characteristic...
In order to understand diseases regarding the musculoskeletal system, it is necessary to be familiar with the basic laws of the physiology of movement and individual morphological structures that create this movement. The presented article deals with the methodology of scanning and processing electrical processes in a muscle. In order to determine pathological state, expert knowledge is needed and...
Wearable robots pose high risks to humans because they are directly mounted on human bodies, and methods for assessing their safety have not yet been established. For developing such safety tests, we have fabricated dummy legs that emulate the structure of the human body. Furthermore, all mechanical characteristics of human tissues that relate to their interactions with a wearable robot — elasticity,...
In this paper the ability of three antenna structures to detect changes in the properties and thickness of a deep tissue layer is investigated. The envisioned application is radiomyography which aims to detect muscular activity by the means of electromagnetic waves coupled into the human body. The paper concludes that it is possible to detect changes in the thickness and the properties of the muscle...
Thanks to the advances in virtual reality and human modeling techniques, signing avatars have become increasingly used in a wide variety of applications like the automatic translation of web pages, interactive e-learning environments and mobile phone services, with a view to improving the ability of hearing impaired people to access information and communicate with others. But, to truly understand...
The phase aberration phenomenon reduces spatial resolution and image contrast of the shear wave-based elasticity images impeding the study and determination of tissue mechanical properties. Shear waves can be used to make measurements of tissue elasticity. These shear waves can be produced by focused ultrasound “push” beams that generate acoustic radiation force and displace the tissue. We investigated...
Tissue elasticity is measured by shear wave elasticity imaging methods using acoustic radiation force to create the shear waves. Reliable tissue elasticity measurements are achieved with strong shear waves. Phase aberration and tissue attenuation can hamper the generation of shear waves for in vivo applications. In this study we explored how phase aberration affects ultrasound focusing for creating...
An inverted-F antenna with meandered line is characterized in this paper in terms of its proximity to the human body. Radiation characteristics are simulated and analyzed in the context of proximity of the antenna to human body tissue. The dependence of radiation characteristics like radiation pattern, resonant frequency, radiation efficiency, gain and front-to-back ratio; on the type & dimensions...
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is one of the most important dosimetric parameters if human beings are exposed to electromagnetic fields. The following analysis shows that the SAR-formula stated in literature is accurate for time-harmonic transverse electromagnetic waves travelling in any lossy medium. The derivation of this formula as well as calculation results for some human tissues are presented.
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