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TDMA-based wireless networks have been successfully operated in cosmic ray experiments over many years. However, the current DSP-based approach cannot be scaled to the demands of novel detection techniques. In this paper we present a design based on FPGAs which realizes a domain-specific TDMA communication protocol. The system is flexible to be adapted to different type of detector arrays and link...
We address the issue of the transport of cosmic rays (CRs) perpendicular to the mean magnetic field and discuss how the diffusion changes with the CRs' energy and the Alfvenic Mach number of the turbulence. We show that the issue of cosmic ray sub-diffusion is only important for restricted cases when the ambient turbulence is far from that suggested by numerical simulations. Moreover, we demonstrate...
For the observation of ultra high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) by the detection of their coherent radio emission an FPGA based wavelet trigger is being developed. Using radio detection, the electromagnetic part of an air shower in the atmosphere may be studied in detail, thus providing information complementary to that obtained by water Cherenkov detectors which are predominantly sensitive to the muonic...
Cosmic rays monitoring became a very studied field nowadays. A smart system for monitoring rays is composed of mobile devices that are able to measure in realtime the fastest particles which are moving in space. In this paper, a reliable, reduced cost and long-life system for monitoring rays is proposed. By integrating Geiger-Muller tube with very low power wireless devices, the system may be used...
The proposed dependence of atmospheric electrical properties on the ionizing influence of cosmic rays has resulted in numerous attempts to obtain convincing correlations. While most of the studies remain largely theoretical, a few results indicate that there is a plausible link between lightning activity and cosmic ray ionization. Using global lightning and assimilated cosmic ray data, the present...
In the space radiation environment, a large number of cosmic rays often lead to transient faults on the on-board computer. These transient faults result in data flow errors or control flow errors during program running. The present software implemented hardware fault tolerant technology mainly uses the signature analysis method to realize the control flow checking, namely, through assigning signature...
The CRÈME suite of tools have been extensively used to predict the effects of cosmic rays on microelectronics in space. These tools only consider electronic stopping of ions and nuclear reactions from protons on silicon. Ion-ion physics and the inclusion of additional electronic materials are required to predict large energy deposition events. The successor to the rate prediction tools, CRÈME-MC,...
We present a novel concept of the SNM imaging system based on cosmic-ray muon tracking in coincidence with neutron/gamma detection. The cosmic-ray flux at sea level is about 1 muon/sq. cm/minute. It is composed of nearly equal numbers of μ+ and μ-. In previous work, we have demonstrated that these muons can be used to image nuclear threats in relatively short times by measuring their multiple scattering...
A new model of the global circuit has been constructed that treats more realistically than previous models the external influences due to varying charged particle fluxes from space, the internal variability due to the transport of radon by atmospheric dynamics, and the varying aerosol populations. Here we present results for the variability of the global circuit due to the variations of the aerosol...
For the observation of UHECRs by the detection of their coherent radio emission an FPGA based trigger and RFI filter was developed. Using radio detection, the electromagnetic part of an air shower in the atmosphere may be studied in detail, thus providing information complementary to that obtained by water Cherenkov detectors which are predominantly sensitive to the muonic content of an air shower...
Soft errors are caused by cosmic rays striking sensitive regions in electronic devices. Termed as single event upset (SEU), in the past this phenomenon mostly affected the high altitude systems or avionics. The small geometries of today's nanodevices and their use in high-density and high-complexity designs make electronic systems sensitive even to the ground-level radiation. Therefore, large computer...
The Earth's atmosphere is constantly hit by charged particles-commonly known as cosmic rays. Those of the highest energies are still a mystery to astroparticle physicists. A relatively new technique for detecting cosmic rays is based on the measurement of radio pulses which are produced by secondary shower particles. We introduce the underlying physical effect and present suitable broadband antennas,...
Power semiconductors that are used under high voltage conditions in hybrid vehicles (HVs) are required to have a high destruction tolerance against cosmic rays as well as to meet conventional quality standards. This paper describes an investigation into the failure mechanism for single event burnouts (SEB) induced by cosmic rays in insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Device destruction tolerance...
A method for the calculation of failure rates due to cosmic rays is presented. The method is based on the output of standard device simulation tools and is applied to IGBTs and free-wheeling diodes. Different models for the failure rate density are compared with respect to their consistency with experimental data. The method is applied both to the active area and to the edge termination of IGBTs....
Radiation, such as alpha particles and cosmic rays, can cause transient faults in electronic systems. Such faults cause errors called single-event upsets (SEUs). SEUs are a major source of errors in electronics used in space applications. There is also a growing concern about SEUs at ground level for deep submicron technologies. Radiation hardening is an effective yet costly solution to this problem...
A new concept of high granularity hadronic calorimeter using thin GRPCs as sensitive medium with embedded semi-digital readout electronics to be used in the future linear collider experiments is under development within the CALICE collaboration. Based on this concept, a small prototype was built and tested with success at CERN PS test beam in 2008. To validate completely this new concept a prototype...
Looking towards first LHC collisions, the ATLAS detector is being commissioned using all types of physics data available: cosmic rays and events produced during a few days of LHC single beam operations. In addition to putting in place the trigger and data acquisition chains, commissioning of the full software chain is a main goal. This is interesting not only to ensure that the reconstruction, and...
The muon signals of TileCal, the central hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS, have successfully been used to trigger on cosmic rays. These muon signals provided by the trigger tower adder system are currently not used by ATLAS level-one muon trigger, as they have been foreseen for a near-future upgrade. Studies showed that the signal-to-noise ratio increases if muon signals from the same cell of the last...
The TOTEM T2 telescope, consisting in 40 triple-GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) detectors with tracking and trigger capabilities, will measure inelastically produced charged particles in the forward region of the LHC Interaction Point 5. Before being fully installed, the telescope has been tested with cosmic rays and the results are here presented.
Earth's space environment is closely controlled by solar variability over various time scales. Solar variability is characterized by its output in the form of mass and electromagnetic output. Solar mass emission also interacts with mass entering into the heliosphere in the form of cosmic rays and neutral material. This paper provides an overview of how the solar variability affects Earth's space environment.
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