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Stereotactic neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most used treatments for relief symptoms of this degenerative disorder. Current methods include ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) that can be applied to the various nuclei in the basal ganglia (BG), for instance to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the ventral medial nucleus (Vim). Identification of thus regions must be rigorous...
Surgical decisions on treatment of cerebral aneurysms are based predominantly on aneurysm size. This study has assessed the influence of parent vessel geometry on intra-aneurysmal flow patterns and mass flow rate using computational fluid dynamics and finite element modeling of straight and curved vessels feeding saccular aneurysms of varying size and aspect ratio. Simulation results have shown that...
Numerical models of continuous wave Tm:YAG thermal fusion in rat intestinal tissues were compared to experiment. Optical and thermal FDM models that included tissue damage based on Arrhenius kinetics were used to predict birefringence loss in collagen as the standard of comparison. The models also predicted collagen shrinkage, jellification and water loss. The inclusion of variable optical and thermal...
The use of therapeutic ultrasound delivered via small diameter wire waveguides may represent an emerging minimally invasive approach in the treatment of chronic total occlusions (CTOs), calcified and fibrous plaques. The distal-tip mechanical vibrations (typically 0-210 mum peak-to-peak) have been reported to debulk rigid calcified and fibrous tissues while healthy elastic arterial tissue remains...
We assess the autonomic nervous system response during prolonged percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) by heart rate variability analysis using multifractal indices. These indices are also used to evaluate the effects of the PTCA at different arteries. The indices augmented significantly during transient ischemia and reperfusion periods indicating an increase of multifractal degree...
Vibro-acoustography (VA) is a novel modality that has shown significant features in imaging hard inclusions and inhomogeneities within biological tissue. Here we focus on its applications for prostate imaging as well as some of its related feasibility studies to guide minimally-invasive therapies such as brachytherapy and cryosurgery.
The Argustrade II 60 channel epiretinal prosthesis has been developed in order to provide partial restoration of vision to subjects blinded from outer retinal degenerative disease. To date the device has been implanted in 21 subjects as part of a feasibility study. In 6 month post-implantation door finding and line tracking orientation and mobility testing, subjects have shown improvements of 86%...
Simulations of artificial vision suggest that 1000 electrodes may be required to restore vision to individuals with diseases of the outer retina. In order to achieve such an implant, new technology is needed, since the state-of-the-art implantable neural stimulator has at most 22 contacts with neural tissue. A critical component of this system is the multi-channel, stimulating electrode array. This...
We currently present a design concept for a photoacoustic imaging endoscope as well as some preliminary experimental results. The device is based on the generation of acoustic waves in tissue by short laser pulses and the sensing of these waves with a thin, optical Fabry-Peacuterot etalon. The entire device is designed to be mounted on the tip of a needle to deliver high-resolution photoacoustic imaging...
In the present work, we have studied dynamic changes of QRS loop in the vectocardiogram (VCG) of 80 patients that underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The VCG was obtained for each patient using the XYZ orthogonal leads of their electrocardiographic (ECG) records acquired before, during and after PTCA procedure. In order to analyze the variations of VCG, it has been proposed...
Texture analysis of B-mode ultrasound images of carotid atheromatous plaque can be valuable for the accurate diagnosis of atherosclerosis. In this paper, Gabor filters were used to characterize the texture of carotid artery atherosclerotic tissue. B-mode ultrasound images of 10 symptomatic and 9 asymptomatic plaques were interrogated. A total of 40 texture features were estimated for each plaque....
The therapy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is based on producing an electrical field on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord that blocks only neuropathic pain (ie, pain from damage to the nervous system). Most SCS devices deliver a biphasic pulse consisting of a pair of equal amplitude pulses with opposite polarity. SCS therapy is based on the gate control theory of pain and has been used for the...
The clinical target of this study is intrauterine patch coverage of fetal myelomeningocele. We propose a new surgical robotic system for intrauterine fetal surgery with patch-stabilizer and laser manipulator. The target disease of the fetal surgery is spina bifida or myelomeningocele, which is incomplete closure in the spinal column and one of the common fetal diseases. In the fetal surgery, the collagen...
The invention of wireless capsule endoscopy has opened new ways of diagnosing and treating diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. Current wireless capsules can perform simple operations such as imaging and data collection (like temperature, pressure, and pH) in the gastrointestinal tract. Researchers are now focusing on adding more sophisticated functions such as drug delivery, surgical clips/tags...
Hyperspectral imaging system has been developed to characterize lung tissue for detecting emphysematous tissues in lung volume reduction surgery. The system consists of a charge-coupled device and liquid crystal tunable filter, which is continuously tunable in the near-infrared spectral range of 650 - 1100 nm with a mean bandwidth of 5 nm. Using hyperspectral data, the spectral signature of healthy...
Thermal-based ablation for the treatment of arrhythmias is known to cause issues (e.g. heat loss due to blood perfusion, mechanical damage of the tissue from excessive heat, etc.) that hamper the success of the treatment. A novel technique termed ldquoelectroporationrdquo is a process that leads to pore formation in cell membranes. These pores may cause cellular death without inducing negative thermal...
For as many as 30% of epilepsy patients, seizures are poorly controlled with medication alone. For some of these patients surgery may be an option: the brain region responsible for seizure onset may be removed surgically. However, this requires accurate delineation of the seizure onset region. Currently, the key to making this determination is seizure EEG. Therefore, EEG recordings must continue until...
Drug resistant epilepsy can in some cases be treated with surgery. To minimize potentially crippling side effects of surgery, a detailed functional map of the brain is usually required prior to resection. Conventional mapping techniques rely on a coarse grid of electrodes with limited spatial resolution. Ultrasound Current Source Density Imaging (UCSDI) is new high resolution method to image electric...
Providing a comprehensive set of relevant information at the point of care is crucial for making correct clinical decisions in a timely manner. Retrieval of scenario specific information from an extensive electronic health record (EHR) is a tedious, time consuming and error prone task. In this paper, we propose a model and a technique for extracting relevant clinical information with respect to the...
We present a field study of multi-disciplinary team meetings where decisions on treatment of patients with diseases in the upper part of the abdomen are made. These meetings are important for knowledge dissemination and learning. We have studied how different time related aspects affect the efficiency during these meetings. Time is relevant because several physicians attend these meetings, and they...
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