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Although a number of recent studies have explored people's concepts about robots, almost no research has tested the degree to which these concepts affect people's capacity to understand and remember a robot's actions. In this study, we tested whether a narrative describing a robot performing basic intentional acts would be easier to remember than a narrative that described similar non-intentional...
Different media used to present the human-robot interaction (HRI) scenarios may affect users' perception of a robot in the user studies. We investigated how different scenario media (text, video, and live interaction) might influence user evaluation of social robots based on a controlled experiment. We found that multiple aspects of user acceptance were influenced by the scenario media. Moreover,...
Programming new skills on a robot should take minimal time and effort. One approach to achieve this goal is to allow the robot to ask questions. This idea, called Active Learning, has recently caught a lot of attention in the robotics community. However, it has not been explored from a human-robot interaction perspective. In this paper, we identify three types of questions (label, demonstration and...
A 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the type of artificial agent (robot vs. computer) and the role of the agent (ally vs. enemy) on people's perceptions and evaluations of the agent when playing a video game. Participants perceived that playing the game with a robot was more enjoyable and easier than playing with a computer. Regardless of the agent type, participants...
Every year, tens of thousands of middle school and high school students participate in robotics competitions, such as Botball, FIRST, and VEX. This provides them with an excellent introduction to the ins and outs of building robots and programming them to autonomously accomplish specific tasks. However, the rules of many of these competitions often limit or prohibit human interaction with the robots...
We report the results of standardized tests on a single subject with a stroke at 4, 20 and 28 weeks after completion of the study. These results follow from previous work [1]. The subject demonstrated sustained improvement in motor function 28 weeks after completing the study. In addition to quantitative results, the questionnaire results by the subject and the spouse testify that the subjective user...
Social robots have to potential to serve as personal, organizational, and public assistants as, for instance, diet coaches, teacher's aides, and emergency respondents. The success of these robots — whether in motivating users to adhere to a diet regimen or in encouraging them to follow evacuation procedures in the case of a fire — will rely largely on their ability to persuade people. Research in...
Clips from an evaluation where participants, each paired with either a human or robot partner, were deployed to search a hallway for suspicious items, in a manner similar to tactics used by first responders handling bomb threats are presented. The teams used natural, verbal communication to collaborate, determine where hazards were located, and which items were suspicious. The video demonstrates that...
Regarding the future usage of social robots in workplace scenarios, we addressed the question of potential mere robotic presence effects on human performance. Applying the experimental social facilitation paradigm in social robotics, we compared task performance of 106 participants on easy and complex cognitive and motoric tasks across three presence groups (alone vs. human present vs. robot present)...
The effect of a robotic teammate on a human partner's workload has not been fully quantified. Prior research found that human participants experienced lower workload when working with a robotic partner than when working with a human partner. An evaluation investigated whether a similar trend in workload exists for tasks requiring direct and collaborative interaction between the partners, and joint...
This paper seeks to establish a precedent for future development and design of social robots by considering the knowledge and expectations about robots of a group of 296 children. Humanrobot interaction experiments were conducted with a Teleoperated anthropomorphic robot, and surveys were taken before and after the experiments. Children were also asked to perform a drawing of a robot. An image analysis...
In all human-robot interaction, trust is an important element to consider because the presence or absence of trust certainly impacts the ultimate outcome of that interaction. Limited research exists that delineates the development and maintenance of this trust in various operational contexts. Our own prior research has investigated theoretical and empirically supported antecedents of human-robot trust...
In this paper, a novel vision system is proposed to estimate attention of people from rich visual clues for social robot to perform natural interactions with multiple participants in public environments. The vision detection and recognition modules include multi-person detection and tracking, upper-body pose recognition, face and gaze detection, lip motion analysis for speaking recognition, and facial...
Other than eye gaze and referential gestures (e.g. pointing), the relationship between robot motion and observer attention is not well understood. We explore this relationship to achieve social goals, such as influencing human partner behavior or directing attention. We present an algorithm that creates exaggerated variants of a motion in real-time. Through two experiments we confirm that exaggerated...
In this video, real-life acting professor Matthew Gray tutors Data the Robot (a Nao model) to improve his expression of emotion via Chekhov's Psychological Gestures. Though the video narrative is fictional and the robot actions pre-programmed, the aim of the dramatization is to introduce an acting methodology that social robots could use to leverage full body affect expressions. The video begins with...
We present the design process, realization and evaluation of a robot system for interactive object learning. The system-oriented evaluation, in particular, addresses an open problem for the evaluation of systems, where overall user satisfaction depends not only on the performance of the parts, but also on their combination, and on user behavior. Based on the PARADISE method known from spoken dialog...
Speech is one of the most natural medium for human communication, which makes it vital to human-robot interaction. In real environments where robots are deployed, distant-talking speech recognition is difficult to realize due to the effects of reverberation. This leads to the degradation of speech recognition and understanding, and hinders a seamless human-robot interaction. To minimize this problem,...
We present a robotic control system endowed with attentional mechanisms suitable for balancing the trade off between safe human-robot interaction and effective task execution. These mechanisms allow the robot to increase or decrease the degree of attention toward relevant activities modulating the frequency of the monitoring rate and the speed associated to the robot movements. In this framework,...
Many older adults wish to remain in their own homes as they age [16]. However, challenges in performing home upkeep tasks threaten an older adult's ability to age in place. Even healthy independently living older adults experience challenges in maintaining their home [13]. Challenges with home tasks can be compensated through technology, such as home robots. However, for home robots to be adopted...
Prior research has proposed the use of a Perception by Proxy framework that relies on human perception to support actions of autonomy. Given the importance of human perception, this framework highlights the need to understand how human cognitive abilities factor into the human-robot dynamic. The following paper uses a military reconnaissance task to examine how cognitive abilities interact with the...
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