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When the video streams are transmitted over the unreliable networks, forward error correction (FEC) codes are usually used to protect them. Reed-Solomon codes are block-based FEC codes. On one hand, enlarging the block size can enhance the performance of the Reed-Solomon codes. On the other hand, large Reed-Solomon block size leads to long delay which is not tolerable for real-time video applications...
Due to the long propagation delay inherent in underwater acoustic transmissions, forward error correction (FEC) is a preferable technique for end-to-end reliability control in relay-aided underwater acoustic communications (RA-UAC). Among all error-correcting codes, rateless fountain codes, such as Luby Transform (LT) codes, are attractive for their low computational complexity and rate adaptability...
We propose using nonbinary LDPC-coded modulation with optimal constellations obtained via iterative polar quantization (IPQ). The proposed scheme significantly outperforms its prior-art bit-interleaved LDPC-coded modulation counterpart, e.g., by 2.78 dB for the 128-point IPQ constellation.
Many interoperable software systems atop of large-scale critical infrastructures are based on the publish/subscribe paradigm. They are developed using data dissemination middleware services, which are required to provide reliability and timeliness in multicast communications. The literature of event dissemination and the market of publish/subscribe middleware technologies are rich of solutions, however,...
This paper presents the 10 Gb/s Ethernet Phy Forward Error Correction (FEC) sub-layer novel VLSI structure with the following 2 ideas: one is the frame boundary detecting methodology and the other is the fast frame synchronous structure. The first method increases the frame synchronizing speed by fully optimizing the candidate start position shift algorithm to accelerate the frame synchronization...
Forward Error Correction (FEC) is also named as "Forward Error Correcting Code" or “Channel Coding” which is a method used to increase the reliability of data communication. It is in the whole transmission process that encoding methods are performed at the transmitting end while decoding at the receiving end. This paper will show you the principle of FECs at first, including how they work...
Rateless codes can be advantageously used to provide Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) with a distinct advantage that an infinite number of packets can be generated on the fly from the source packets. For heterogeneous users and/or variable channel conditions, significant adaptation features and improvement in the video quality can be achieved by partitioning the video data into...
Image data compressed with JPEG XR when transmitted over error-prone channels is severely distorted. In fact, due to the adaptive coding strategies used by the codec, even a single bit error causes a mismatch in the alignment of the reading position from the bitstream, leading to completely different images at the decoder side. We propose an extension to the JPEG XR algorithm, consisting in an error...
The systematic repeat-accumulate (RA) code is constituted by a repeater, an interleaver, a combiner and an accumulator. Under the sum-product decoding on the Tanner graph of the code, the performance of RA codes with random interleaver is affected by short cycles of parity-check matrix. In this paper, we present combinatorial design of interleaver. The RA code with new interleaver can produce very...
In this paper, we utilize sender-based Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques to enhance the robustness of packet loss recovery for AVS Mobile speech and audio (AVS-M) codec. Two FEC schemes are proposed which take the advantage of the codec's structure characteristics and do not introduce extra delay. The objective and subjective listening tests results show that the two methods achieve higher...
In recent years, hybrid-automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol has become one of the most popular packet transmission schemes. Hybrid-ARQ aims to combine the advantages of forward error correction codes with the traditional ARQ scheme to increase the reliability and throughput of the network. In this paper, we look at improving upon this performance for block fading channels (e.g., Rayleigh, Rician,...
Many popular wireless networking protocols, e.g., WiMAX and UMTS, use Hybrid-ARQ for error control. HARQ combines the retransmission mechanism of ARQ protocol with the forward error correction techniques to give a better bit error rate performance under adverse channel conditions. WiMAX standard suggests a multichannel stop-and-wait HARQ. If the number of errors exceeds the error correction capability...
This paper presents an alternative Forward Error Correction scheme, based on Reed-Solomon codes, with the aim of protecting the transmission of RTP-multimedia streams: the inter-packet symbol approach. This scheme is based on an alternative bit structure that allocates each symbol of the Reed-Solomon code in several RTP-media packets. This characteristic permits to exploit better the recovery capability...
Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (eMBMS) is a new function defined in 3GPP specification to support PTMP (point to multiple points) transmission in LTE networks. In order to improve reliability, two mechanisms are implemented in single-cell eMBMS: (1) Raptor is implemented at the eBMSC (Enhanced Broadcast/Multicast Service Center) to provide packet-level protection; (2) HARQ is used...
The recent IP-based mobile TV standards, such as DVB-IPDC and OMA BCAST, employ both unidirectional broadcast networks and mobile interactive networks for hybrid service delivery. For these mobile TV standards, the performance of the file delivery protocol over broadcast channels (i.e., the IETF FLUTE protocol) is well studied in the literature. However, the performance characteristics of the file...
Many wireless communication systems such as IS-54, enhanced data rates for the GSM evolution (EDGE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and long term evolution (LTE) have adopted low-density parity-check (LDPC), tail-biting convolutional, and turbo codes as the forward error correcting codes (FEC) scheme for data and overhead channels. Therefore, many efficient algorithms have...
We propose a new transmission scheme of multi-rate low density generator matrix (LDGM) code suitable for optical satellite communications. Since the proposed scheme doesn't utilize a preamble transmission of the rate information nor the repeat request scheme, a long feedback delay in the satellite link and a decrease of transmission efficiency can be avoided. Then, an adaptive rate transmission only...
Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL)-FEC is increasingly being employed in the emerging wireless multimedia applications, where the multimedia data is sent along with repair data that can be used at the receiver to recover any losses. Raptor codes and Random Linear Codes (RLC) have emerged as promising rateless coding solutions. The DVB-H standard has adopted Raptor codes for IP datacasting,...
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), presently a USD 20 billion industry, has steadily growing applications in all possible spheres with some new high precision applications like indoor navigation etc. are at the cutting edge of the technology, thus requiring sophisticated FECs. In lieu of these facts and more, in this paper we undertake thorough analysis and comparison of Advanced FEC (such...
We study the scenario of pixel-domain distributed video coding for noisy transmission environments and propose a method to allocate the available rate between source coding and channel coding to generate a robust video stream. Having observed in experiments the uncertainty of the source and the channel coding rate, we model them as random variables via offline training, estimate the decoding failure...
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