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This paper evaluates the performance of partition scheme with first-last fit spectrum allocation for elastic optical networks. The scheme intends to increase the number of contiguous aligned available slots, and hence suppresses the blocking probability. The partition approach creates more aligned available slots by separating the spectrum allocation of the non-disjoint connections. The first-last...
In this paper, we present an S-BVT architecture and its building blocks for multi-adaptive optical transmission in software defined networks (SDNs). We particularly focus on the S-BVT design options, based on multicarrier modulation (MCM), with the ability of generating multiple bands and flows. This allows to adaptively vary the rate, format, bandwidth and reach with fine granularity and large scalability...
Modern IP/Optical transport networks are seldom jointly operated and optimized, and do not cater to the usually implicit requirements of applications, which ultimately drive network traffic. In this concept paper we propose a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based Network Orchestrator to manage multi-layer transport networks while taking explicit application requirements into account. We discuss...
This paper presents an analytical discussion of the trade-off between fairness and efficiency for some fairness-generating schemes taken from the literature, assuming multi-class traffic and elastic networking. Basic schemes under discussion include spectrum partitioning and pseudo-partitioning, trunk reservation, and combinations thereof.
It has become apparent that current fronthaul technology cannot be simply extended to meet the projected demands of 5G and beyond mobile systems. This current technology, based on the transport of sampled radio waveforms, has been the preferred option, with analog radio over fiber reserved to relatively niche application scenarios. However, for future systems, it is recognised that different functional...
This paper proposes a new model that can represent the slot usage and the status of each possible slot groups in a flexible-grid optical network. This model facilitates visualizing the current network state in a graphical form as well as a proper data structure in the memory. It also promotes the design of new approaches for dynamic connection provisioning. The basic concepts of the model is illustrated...
The paper proposes a resources allocation method for EON based on a modified RDM using squatting and kicking strategies in order to prioritise the usage of channels and enhancing the total utilisation. It can also be used as an admission control. The mechanism is described and compared to existing proposals, regarding the flexibility in the allocation per class. The strategy regards the EON constraints...
We present a novel strategy for the operation of a mixed fixed/flexible grid optical network which would be useful for the gradual migration from a fixed to a flexible mode of operation. Routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) in co-existing fixed/flexible grid optical networks with a multi-path sub-band virtual concatenation (VCAT) technique is considered. An integer linear programming (ILP) model...
The Elastic Optical Network (EON) architecture has been proposed in response to the large capacity and diverse traffic granularity needs of the future Internet. By breaking the fixed-grid spectrum allocation of WDM networks, EONs increase the flexibility in terms of connection provisioning. The appropriate-sized optical spectrum is allocated to each connection depending on its requested bandwidth...
Transport IP/optical networks are evolving in capacity and dynamicity configuration. This evolution gives little to no attention to the specific needs of applications, beyond raw capacity. The ACINO concept is based on facilitating applications to explicitly specify requirements for requested services in terms of high-level (technology agnostic) requirements such as maximum latency or reliability...
This Paper presents a realistic approach on tackling the dynamic traffic generation problem for Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Networks. Given the relatively novel aspect of these networks, most research in this area was mainly focusing on the problems of routing and wavelength assignment while using fairly simplistic memoryless models for traffic generation in the simulated networks. The...
Upgrading the capacity of backbone optical networks while delivering contents to the end-users with a reduced cost per bit is a day-by-day challenge of network operators. In this paper, we first discuss several mid-term options for capacity upgrades including migration to multi-fibre and multi-band systems (utilizing amplification systems with bandwidth extending over the C+L or the S+C+L bands)....
In Elastic Optical Networks (EONs), two communications requests sharing common fiber links have to be separated in the spectrum domain by a guard band to prevent the interference or satisfy the security requirement, since there are types of physical impairments or attacks in the optical layer. For different interference or security levels, the size of guard band should be adapted, while it is supposed...
Network operators have worked in interoperable scenarios for transport network from several years. The main motivation is to have a rich ecosystem, which encourages the competition to have more efficient network solutions. The bandwidth increment in the transport network puts a lot of pressure to have revenues on an environment where the end-user is willing to pay less and less for the service. Software...
The seemingly insatiable demand for mobile, video and cloud-based services shows no sign of slowing down. High bandwidth-consuming applications such as super-sized cloud storage and 4K/Ultra High Definition video services are becoming more and more popular. This causes requirements for optical networks to reach transmission of 100 Gbps and beyond. However, going beyond 100 Gbps does not come without...
Generally, an elastic optical network (EON) under a dynamic connection (non-uniform bandwidth) set up and termination scenario leads to spectrum fragmentation, and results in higher blocking probability. To overcome this problem, a defragmentation of the spectrum can be applied by reconfiguring some or all connections in the network. However, reconfiguration can interrupt the services of the existing...
NETCONF is emerging as Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocol for the control and management of optical networks. It enables data plane device configuration and access to monitoring information. NETCONF may exploit YANG data model to describe network elements to be controlled/managed. YANG and NETCONF are of interest for operators since they provide a standard way to control and manage network...
In response to bandwidth-hungry applications, the field of Elastic Optical Networks (EON) has emerged. In this paper we investigate the provisioning and allocation problem in EONs, which presents a number of new and exciting challenges not otherwise present in optical networking solutions. We propose a novel technique for solving the Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) problem which improves resource...
In recent years, virtualization is playing an increasingly important role in the cloud environment, as it allows service providers to create an abstraction of the physical servers running on data centers. In this way services can be directly hosted on these abstract entities, which are then called Virtual Machines (VMs). The direct result of service virtualization is the ability to move services hosted...
This paper proposes a linear formulation and an iterative heuristic, both with traffic grooming capability, which can maximize the number of remaining available routes and minimize the number of transceivers in Elastic Optical Networks (EON). The aim of the proposal is to preserve the open capacity for the accommodation of future unknown demands. Case studies are carried out in order to analyze the...
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