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TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an Earth observation radar mission that consists of a SAR interferometer built by two almost identical satellites flying in close formation [1]-[4]. With a typical separation between the satellites of 120 to 500 m a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 2 m relative height accuracy at 12 m posting has been generated. While the...
Agricultural monitoring over large areas such as the irrigation zones of the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) needs Remote Sensing imagery with a high temporal resolution and a large swath width. Satellite sensors such as MODIS or the upcoming Sentinel-3 suits these requirements. A clear discrimination of active cropland coverage however is impossible using low spatial resolution imagery due to mixed pixel effects...
The Operational Land Imager (OLI), the VIS/NIR/SWIR sensor on the Landsat-8 has been successfully acquiring Earth Imagery for more than four years. The OLI incorporates two on-board radiometric calibration systems, one diffuser based and one lamp based, each with multiple sources. For each system one source is treated as primary and used frequently and the other source(s) are used less frequently...
Suspended sediment (SS) process can be used to explain reason for geological changes in the coastal area. To understand these processes, we analyzed the relationship between shoreline change and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). Landsat TM/ETM+ images were used for generating the map of suspended sediments concentration and shoreline change in this study. Landsat image has high spatial resolution...
Change detection is a hot issue and is of great significance in remote sensing. The logarithm operation is a valid way to reduce the influence of multiplicative noise in the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. However, changed areas with high gray level values will be weakened due to the nature of the logarithmic function. In this paper, a SAR image change detection framework based on visual attention...
Land surface albedo is a critical variable used in many climate and environmental applications. The multispectral Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the next generation geostationary satellites (GOES-R series, first launched in Nov. 2016) offers high temporal and medium spatial resolution observations, which can be used for monitoring diurnal variation of surface albedo. In this paper, we applied...
The next World Radio Conference (WRC) will be held in November 2019 in Geneva, Switzerland. This paper discusses WRC-19 agenda items that could impact scientific uses in Earth satellite remote sensing and radio astronomy.
Data synergy or fusion is a mechanism whereby discrete types of data are used together to achieve a better understanding than was possible with each individually. Spanning over 30% of the Earth's landmass, the global forest plays a role in numerous planetary systems including the carbon cycle. The objective of this study is to couple simulated forest stands with measured datasets from various instruments...
Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) land surface albedo (LSA) product is one of the routinely generated VIIRS environmental data records (EDR). A direct estimation approach based on radiative transfer simulation was developed to directly estimate instantaneous LSA value from VIIRS clear-sky top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance. Comprehensive validations and evaluations were performed...
In this study, we prototype the combination of samples of airborne LiDAR (LiDAR plots) and Landsat data to characterize the development of forest structure attributes through time. A nearest neighbor imputation model was developed using predictors generated from wall-to-wall Landsat best available pixel (BAP) composites and reference measurements of forest structure derived from LiDAR plots. The imputation...
The secondary forest has a low diversity of species, however, they have major importance for the reestablishment of ecosystem functions and nutrient stocks lost from the original forests, as well as higher carbon absorption rate of the mature forests. In this study, we developed an approach using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) to classify the forest succession stages in a study area...
High Mountain Asia (HMA), often referred to as the “third pole” of the world because its high elevation glaciers, contains the largest amount of fresh water outside the polar ice sheets. The region's hydrology is strongly controlled by variations in the timing and distribution of runoff from snow and glacier melt. Recent improvements in remote sensing technologies and atmospheric / land surface models...
Using monthly as well as annual statistics, we investigate the potentials of synergetic utilization of multispectral and C-band SAR data for the classification of a study site in the central Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. We aim at the classification of five tropical land cover classes (primary forests, secondary vegetation, pasture, agricultural, water), and highlight the potentials of standalone...
High temporal and spactial resolution aerosol retrieval is a difficult task because of the absence of corresponding satellite data. Due to the lack of a shortwave infrared band near 2.1 um aboard on Gaofen-4 instrument, which is critical for determining surface reflectance. In this paper, a new algorithm resolving the problem based on Gaofen-4 that was placed in Geosynchronous (GEO) orbit and Landsat-8...
The increased radiometric resolution of last generation multispectral sensors results in large statistical variability of classes represented in the image. However, classes present high spatial homogeneity. To preserve classes identity while simplifying their representation, in this paper we propose a class-wise spatial-contextual method based on a variational model with free discontinuities that...
Cloud contamination is the most common defect leading to quality degradation in remote sensing images. Numerous cloud-cover assessment (CCA) methods have been developed in the literature. The traditional Landsat 7 CCA algorithm attempted to detect clouds by taking advantages of different spectral properties from five spectral bands. However, it suffers the weakness of omitting thin cirrus clouds and...
Red tides have frequently occurred in the Arabian Gulf in the last three decades, which have caused massive fish mortalities, degradation of the water quality, and interruption the operation of the coastal desalination plants. Several studies have been undertaken to monitor this phenomenon from space by developing ocean color models that can quantify red tide by Chlorophyll a (Chl a) parameter. However,...
This paper developed an approach to determine optimal parameters, C and s, for support vector domain description (SVDD) model to map specific land cover from integrating of training and window-based validation sets (WVS-SVDD). The validation set based on window-based approach made a tighten hypersphere because of compact constraint by the outlier pixels which were located closely to the target class...
Simulation of forest carbon fluxes over Greater Khingan based on strategy of model integration and data assimilation from 2000 to 2012 was conducted in this study. Original MODIS MOD_17 GPP (MOD_17) model was optimized over Greater Khingan using downscaled meteorological data, optimized light use efficiency, and refined GLASS fPAR products. Afterwards, representative forest plots for different forest...
Resent launches of optical space-borne remote sensing systems with high resolution, high temporal repetition rate, and constant viewing angles (e.g.: Venμs, Sentinel-2) will fortify the potential of remote sensing applications in the context of agricultural monitoring (e.g.: the derivation of biophysical parameters). The practicality of optical and/or thermal remote sensing data is often limited by...
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