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An Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) has many unique features that makes it different from terrestrial network. This includes lower bandwidth, longer propagation delay, dynamic topology, high error rate, and energy constraint. To overcome the limitations of such an environment, opportunistic routing has recently attracted much attention due to its ability to improve the performance of UWSNs in terms...
Large propagation delay, high error rate, low band-width and limited energy in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) attract the attention of most researchers. In UWSNs, efficient utilization of energy is one of the major issue, as the replacement of energy sources in such environment is very expensive. In this paper, we have proposed a Cluster Depth Based Routing (cDBR) that is based on existing Depth...
Low power and lossy networks (LLNs) consist of devices having limited battery power, less memory, reduced processing capability. RPL (Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy networks), is an approved Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard routing protocol for IPv6-based LLNs. RPL uses a proactive routing approach and the sink or controller node within the network creates a Directed Acyclic...
In millimeter wave (mmW) networks, for example 60 GHz networks, nodes in the network have to use directional antennas to communicate with each other to overcome high propagation losses and achieve high data rates. The narrow main beam widths of directional antennas also provide several benefits such as high gain and high spatial reuse. In this paper, we propose a dynamic node-disjoint multipath routing...
The energy in wireless sensor networks is a restrictive resource which primarily affects the life of nodes. Many routing protocols use clustering mechanism to optimize the network lifetime. A problem can occur if the allocation of cluster members is not uniformly distributed. In case of LEACH protocol there are great differences in cluster sizes. Consequently, the energy load of such network becomes...
Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs) have become eminent resources for providing communication to military and other defence establishments operating in the conventional battlefield scenario in enemy territory or Counter Insurgency/Counter Terrorism operations beyond the reach of a permanent network infrastructure. However, MANET's inherent topology lack in defensive procedures and are thus, vulnerable...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a group of a huge number of wireless sensor nodes which are arranged in a targeted region. The networks work properly till it is having sufficient battery power. So to optimize battery power, energy efficient routing protocols should be used. The current work involves comparing of routing protocols such as GSTEB, HEED and PEGASIS. Only one node communicates with...
Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a peculiar type of growing technology that can alter the world more effectively in the coming decades. Multicast routing in mesh networks is the distribution of data from a single source to multiple destinations or multiple sources to multiple destinations through the intermediate nodes. There can be many numbers of intermediate nodes between source and destination....
The interconnection of distributed sensor nodes that is used to measure the sensor data in remote locations is called as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Each of the sensors is interfaced with a microcontroller to form wireless sensor node. Different types of devices like PDA'S, laptops, television etc., are used in consumer electronics that use different software and protocols. There is no common communication...
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) nodes are equipped with limited battery power and battery replacement is expensive due to underwater harsh environment. Therefore, we propose EBECRP an energy Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Cluster based Routing Protocol for UWSNs. In depth base routing protocols nodes near the sink (low depth nodes) die in no time because of high load. We...
Ambient intelligence (AmI) deals with a new world of ubiquitous computing devices, where physical environments interact intelligently and unobtrusively with people. AmI environments can be diverse, such as homes, offices, meeting rooms, schools, hospitals, control centers, vehicles, tourist attractions, stores, sports facilities, and music devices. In this paper, we present the design and implementation...
To have a successful communication in Ad Hoc networks, Cognitive Radio (CR) can funding a flexible utilization of wireless radio spectrums. Routing Protocol is a significant problem in CRNs. Some routing protocol is based on different scenarios and it should incorporate QoS parameters in route definition to support QoS performance. Some revisions are done to the Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc network (CRAHN)...
Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks are considered to provide efficient monitoring tasks in aquatic environment but due to limited battery resource of sensor nodes, network lifetime collapses. Energy balancing is the major issue in low network lifetime. High energy consumption creates energy holes and ultimately leads to shorter network lifetime. Therefore, energy consumption must be balanced to increase...
The characteristics of underwater sensor networks are unique and they are much different from terrestrial networks but the importance of both cannot be neglected. However it is much more difficult to sustain a workable environment underwater due to its harsh characteristics which make tasks such as batteries replacement, nodes repairing and other similar factors difficult. Thus the need to efficiently...
Dynamic MANET On-Demand(DYMO) routing protocol has been used to establish an ad-hoc networks. DYMO is advance version of AODV routing protocol develop to improve the network performance. Security is the major challenge in DYMO routing protocol and prone for various security threats. This research work attempts to develop a mitigation algorithm to avoid and prevent genuine nodes from malicious attack...
Routing protocols is important part of the stable Designing of Hybrid wireless networks. Maintaining network topology and multi-hop routing are the main challenges of hybrid wireless network. To overcome these issues we analyze different QoS-aware routing protocols, those are ZRP, CEDAR, MRP, GAMAN, QMRPD, QOLSD, AQOR, TDR, QAODV, QOD, and D-adapt OR. Those protocols based on QoS-routing parameters...
A Mobile Ad Hoc networks is a dynamic environment which due to frequently mobile wireless nodes experiences Communication failures due to network partitioning, and nodes failures exhibiting different faulty actions temporary or long lasting arising out of glitches related to hardware or software. As the mobile nodes are mostly resource constrained, in case of faulty nodes packets forwarding could...
Ad Hoc wireless network is a type of wirelessnetwork, in which there is no any fixed infrastructure. Devices in Ad Hoc network can move around thenetwork within a given range. Currently most of thetransactions are performed through the computernetworks so they are more susceptible to many physicalsecurity threats. One of the major DOS Attacks thatdegrade the performance of the whole MANET is BlackHole...
A distributed and collaborative nature of wireless sensor network cause many challenges to provide security in network. Most of the outsider's attacks are prevented by encryption and authentication technology, but to control insider attacks are difficult. A malicious sensor node causes lot of packet losses, energy wastage and increase in time to reach final destination. In this paper, Enhanced Beta...
Ad hoc wireless networks are influence embarrassed because nodes function through restricted battery energy. Therefore, Energy expenditure is central propose of new ad hoc routing protocols. To propose such protocols we contain to give the impression of being missing from the conventional minimum hop routing schemes. Moreover, limited-energy property makes together nodes and network lifetime surrounded...
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