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Due to unique characteristics of underwater environment, it is difficult to achieve energy efficiency, high throughput and low bit error rate. Radio signals do not propagate well in underwater environment so acoustic signals are used for communication. Acoustic signals offer low bandwidth, high bit error rate, low throughput and high end-to-end delay. Data packets often loose their path which effect...
Science of networking is still a relatively immature area. Proposing an efficient dynamic routing protocol for MANET is an arduous and provoking task. Various protocols for routing phenomenon have been proposed to IETF [1]. Considering an ad-hoc network which is specified by frequently changing topology and infrastructure less connectivity, a protocol must be tested under realistic conditions but...
MANET is one kind of non-infrastructure network which is composed of various mobile nodes. Due to the battery energy constraints in MANET, energy efficiency is an important factor while designing ad hoc wireless networks. Previous works tried to optimize the AODV protocol by proposing different schemes. In this paper, two solutions have been proposed to control the congestion problem of wireless ad-hoc...
In VANET network, vehicles are treated as nodes. Node position is determined by protocols, algorithms and applications. As its network changes rapidly, it is hard to route data among vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure for a protocol. It is also hard to meet every traffic scenario by existing routing protocol. Routing protocol must adapt to rapid change of topology. Several efficient...
Due to high mobility of nodes, the major challenge of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the frequent link breakages which lead to numerous path failures and route discoveries. This paper introduces a novel signal strength based algorithm for RREQs forwarding (SAODV) to better exploit the neighbor coverage knowledge and hence reduce routing overhead in MANETs. The simulation results confirm the efficiency...
SmObnet6 (Small Objects Network with IPv6) is a generic term that we use to define all networks, from small such as PANs to larger, interconnecting small objects. The common point between these networks is that they will use the IPv6 protocol for communication between objects to collect and exchange data within the existing internet infrastructure. However, IPv6 routing information is communicated...
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology due to its wide range of applications in public and military area. These sensor networks consisting of thousands of diminutive sensor nodes with limited resources with a base station and low cost, low power sensor nodes that are used for the monitoring purpose. As these sensor nodes are small in size and large in number therefore these networks...
The wireless sensor network has importance on account of recent improvement of information technology. Micro-electrical mechanical system is used to evolve sensors over the last past decades. The enormous numbers of sensors are redistributed for sensing as well as accumulating data from its neighborhood through routing protocol. Industrial township area yields smoke on account of burning of diesel,...
In this paper, we present an adaptive agent-basedpartner selection mechanism for routing packet in distributedwireless sensor networks. A wireless sensor network is modelled as a multi-agent system by concretely regards each sensoras an agent. Agents in the proposed approach are competitivewhere they need to cope with limited resources (i.e. availableenergy) in the network. Auction-based scheme (First-price...
Recently, the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has undergone significant advances aiming at improving safety in the transportation system. One such progress has led to the introduction of Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). This paper analyses the performance of the Nakagami radio propagation model, which is a realistic model to simulate real life scenarios. Furthermore, this paper examines how VANETs...
IPv4 and IPv6 protocol are incompatible due to their different header structure; therefore no direct communication exists between them. For the two protocol to coexist, IETF proposed three possible solutions; Dual Stack, translation and tunnelling. This paper evaluates the performance of tunnelling and dual stack as they are the most deployed techniques. 6to4, ISATAP and 6RD were the three automatic...
Hybrid sensor and vehicular network (HSVAN) is a new and inexpensive technology that combines the features of wireless sensor network (WSN) with vehicular ad hoc network and (VANET). In HSVAN, sensor nodes' distribution is prearranged and deployed along with the roadsides and have centralized communication channel with sensor gateway that alert drivers from dangerous conditions. However, the network...
Every author seeks to optimize the QOS in MANET network through routing. Essentially, Qos optimization is used to enhance the life time so that less energy can be consumed, additional packets should be distributed with less Bit Error Ratio and less routing overhead. In this research, the performance analysis of DSR routing protocol is evaluated. Firstly the optimization technique i.e. Bacterial Foraging...
In this paper, an energy efficient, interference and route aware (EEIRA) protocol is proposed for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The protocol combines the direct and relay forwarding mechanisms in transmitting the packets from source to destination. The relaying process involves selection of the best relay from a set of relay nodes. A relay node having the least distance from source...
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), reliability is one of the major concerns for large number of applications. The underwater environment is very harsh and noisy. Fading is common and unavoidable, therefore achieving reliable data transfer requires innovative routing solutions. This paper presents a energy efficient cooperative routing with varying Depth threshold (Dth) called Depth and...
The current de-facto routing protocol over WSN developed by IETF Working Group (6LOWPAN) named as Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy networks (RPL) [1], to enable IPv6 packets carrying over IEEE 802.4 and to empower the usage of IoT over WSN. Because of the potential large networks, number of nodes and the fact that multiple coexisting applications will be running in the same physical layer,...
In this paper, we propose a multi-layer multicast routing protocol for multi-hop mobile ad hoc cognitive radio (CR) networks. The proposed protocol employs a probabilistic approach in performing the channel assignment and path selection process based on the concept of minimum spanning tree (MST). Our protocol accounts for the unique features of CR operating environment. Simulations experiments are...
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) do not have base stations or access points, and due to this nature, the ad hoc networks are susceptible to jamming attack which is the most common attacks. Since many ad hoc networks employed IP-based routing, they should be protected and communication between nodes should be secured. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of MANET with the application...
This paper proposes KAR (Key-for-Any-Route), a new intra-domain resilient routing system in which edge-nodes set a route ID to select any existing route as an alternative to safely forward packets to their destination. In KAR routing system, a route is defined as the remainder of the division between a route ID and a set of switch IDs along the path(s) between a pair of nodes. KAR-enabled switches...
Due to the rapid growth of Software-Defined Networks, we can manage network traffic easier than before. One of the major issues on SDN is the multipath routing protocols due to its complexity of optimum path selection among the multiple routes. In this paper, we focus on Multipath TCP (MPTCP). MPTCP is an extension of TCP that increases the throughput of TCP communication significantly by utilizing...
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