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The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) involves integrating and forwarding data generated by heterogeneous sensing devices (IoT devices). The data is sent using various wireless technologies to application servers present in the IoT cloud via intermediate gateways. Using traditional routing techniques to connect millions of IoT devices to the Internet result in congestion and overloading of gateways...
A decode-and-forward (DF) relaying wireless energy harvesting network, where the energy constrained relay uses the energy harvested from radio-frequency (RF) signals to forward data is considered in this paper. The relay collects energy and data through using time switching-based relaying (TSR) mechanism. For the delay-limited transmission mode, the outage probability is theoretically studied and...
The Intelligent Internet of Things (I2oT) has become a significant technology in the recent research area. The application of internet of thing expands to the connectivity for anything, anytime and anyplace. It is expected that there will be 50 billion devices connected to the internet of things by 2020. This huge number of device that were connected together to establish internet of things. However,...
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is considered as one of the most important protocols that are frequently used in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Many protocols were developed to modify and improve the LEACH protocol. The multi-hop technique (MHT-LEACH) is one of these protocols, which appeared to improve the performance of the LEACH protocol. In this paper, an improved...
In wireless multi-relay cooperative communication, the relay node forwards the received packets to the source node and destination node to complete the two-way collaborative communication. However, the problem of how to control and manage multiple relay nodes to access the channel has been a research focus. In this case, it makes use of the number of received packets by relay node to take a different...
In this paper our work investigates the performance of Intra-WBSN by placing the Body Node Coordinators (BNCs) at different positions in Intra-WBSN. Physiological data is collected by bio-sensor nodes and forwarded to BNC through intermediate node or forwarder. The forwarder node is selected on the basis of cost-function. Cost-function depends on the residual energy of node and path-loss between sensor...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) energy balancing and energy efficiency are the key requirements to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy hole, where sensor nodes located near the sink or in some other parts of the network die very early due to unbalanced load distribution. Moreover, there is a dire need to utilize the energy resource efficiently. For...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) energy balancing and energy efficiency are the key requirements to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy hole, where sensor nodes located near the sink or in some other parts of the network die very early due to unbalanced load distribution. Moreover, there is a dire need to utilize the energy resource efficiently. For...
Design of energy efficient underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) routing protocol to prolong network lifetime is a challenging task because of limited battery life of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose mobile energy efficient square routing protocol (MEES) to balance energy consumption of nodes in the network. Two mobile sinks are deployed at the farthest distance from each other. In order...
Network life time is a critical aspect of application in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Furthermore energy consumption and security has arisen as a major aspect in network design. In this article, a study of the backoff exponent (BE) management in the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) method under the Medium Access Control (MAC) is conducted. While BE parameter define...
In this paper, a routing protocol, Maximum Coverage in Square field region (MCS) for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is introduced. The overall area of the network is divided into ten sub regions and two mobile sinks (MSs) are deployed. The data is transmitted to the MS directly and mobility pattern of MS is adjusted in such a way that it covers the whole area of the network. When MS and...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of small sensor nodes. Sensors are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions. WSNs are particularly used in military and civilian applications. As WSNs are generally deployed in an unattended area, they are prone to various types of attacks. One of the harmful attacks is Sybil attack in which a node illegitimately claims multiple...
A Wireless Sensor Network is an assortment of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subjected to node failures because of energy constraints; also nodes can be added to or removed from the network upon application demands, leading to unpredictable topology changes. Bursty traffic resulted from the detected events will simply cause congestion within the networks,...
In this paper, an efficient routing protocol for patient monitoring system in rural areas was proposed using wireless sensor network (WSN) so that the patients can be treated within less time. In this system, a village with GSM network is considered and the people in that village are continuously monitored using AMON sensor, an advanced medical monitoring and alert system. All the AMON's work in ADHOC...
Previous studies have shown that opportunistic routing (OR) can significantly improve the performance of wireless multi-hop networks, such as wireless adhoc networks and wireless sensor networks. However, most existing opportunistic routing schemes only consider node location as the priority metric in relay selection, where packets may accumulate in relays' packet buffer, especially in data intensive...
The high densities of network nodes has made spatial reuse an essential characteristic of modern wireless networks. In this paper, we evaluate the maximum throughput of Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) when spatial reuse is taken into account. We begin our study by extending a simple stochastic model in order to fit a VANET pattern and to obtain the spatial...
An experimental evaluation of an LTE Cognitive Radio (CR) Network, implemented using highly integrated Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform is presented. Each transceiver can be configured as a primary (resp. secondary) eNodeB or a primary (resp. secondary) user in this framework. We propose simple distributed algorithms which the secondary eNodeB can employ to efficiently manage the spectral opportunities...
As Internet of Things (IoT) and smart devices are becoming widespread, expectations for large-scale ad-hoc networks are increasing. To accommodate a large number of nodes, ad-hoc networks should use multiple channels. Thus, dynamic channel switching methods in multi-channel ad-hoc networks have been investigated to control congestion of the channel. However, such channel switching has a considerable...
This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the performance of wireless sensor network (WSN) protocols in different tree-obstructed propagation environments. To create this methodology, practical RF propagation models that include many of the substantial features of different tree-obstructed propagation environments are utilized, and radio energy models for different tree-obstructed propagation...
Event-driven based traffic consideration in Wireless Sensor network (WSN) is a new area of research in the field of WSN. A few media access control (MAC) protocol has been proposed to handle the variety of both light and heavy traffic load situation such as RC-MAC which allows switching of modes to handle different traffic loads. In RC-MAC, nodes consume extra energy to stay awake like Receiver Initiated...
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