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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer mechanical motion in MHz to GHz range and energy can be confined to the surface to reduce boundary losses. A key challenge in implementing SAW based sensors is to improve the sensitivity of the measured SAW. A significant issue in SAW sensors is the source capacitance of IDTs, which makes parasitic capacitance and IDT size reduction a great burden on the SNR...
Exceptional properties of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films and ceramics to convert mechanical forces into an electric field or vice versa make them appropriate in extensive applications in a vast array of areas including sensors and actuators. The purpose of this paper is to model, fabricate and analysis of a new designed flexible PZT-polymer laminated composite cantilever beam in...
We propose a wearable two-dimensional (2D) Electromyography (EMG) measurement system put on a forearm by applying a conductive-fabric-based bus connection scheme. This scheme enables the user's natural motion during EMG pattern measurement without impairing the comfort by excluding individual signal wires. Reliable power supply and signal transfer over a single bus are achieved simultaneously by adopting...
An advanced micromachining process has been developed to further enhance the performance and to reduce the size of mass-produced inertial MEMS. In this new platform technology two independent silicon layers instead of one can be used to form more complex 3D-like masses, springs, and free-standing electrodes. The first accelerometer generations for automotive and CE applications are already in series...
Sedimentary microbial fuel cells are promising harvesting systems generating powers as low as 10 μW, which is sufficient for powering underwater environmental sensors. This paper proposes a methodology and modeling to design a flyback converter in discontinuous conduction mode harvesting powers as low as 10th of μWs to maximize the harvested energy and boost its voltage to a minimum value required...
This study provides an insight into a novel steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) brain computer interface (BCI) approach. In this approach, four groups of light emitting diodes (LEDs) that flicker at different frequencies are used and each of these groups consist of three LEDs connected in series. By providing visual attention to these LEDs, corresponding electroencephalograph (EEG) signals...
One of the major prerequisites to obtaining highspeed tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a controllable quality (Q) factor. This can be achieved through the use of self-sensing cantilevers that utilize piezoelectric actuation. However, such cantilever configurations commonly feature significant levels of feedthrough from the actuation signal to the sensing signal that buries the dynamics...
This paper presents a novel architecture for a kilo-ohm to giga-ohm pseudo-resistor (PR), based on transistors operating in subthreshold with a fixed-Vgs configuration. This PR when used in an RC filter has a very low and constant settling time regardless of the programmed pole frequency. The proposed PR takes advantage of bootstrapping to improve its tuning range. By defining a constant VGs for the...
Paper is a very interesting substrate material for sensing systems due to its porous nature, low cost, light weight and biodegradability. Low-cost sensing platforms can be created by combining paper substrates with low-cost printed fabrication methods. Here, recent progress is reviewed in the areas that will be needed to create powerful paper-based sensing systems: pump-free microfluidics to manipulate...
An alternative electrical model for Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) sensors is presented in this work. The proposed model is worth to be employed in both DC and transient simulations where the behavior of the ISFET sensor coupled to its readout circuit can therefore be investigated. Whereas, previous models found in the literature could only be employed to perform DC simulations. The...
Digital microfluidics biochips are an emerging technology that are increasingly being evaluated as a viable platform for rapid diagnosis and point-of-care field deployment. In such a technology, processing errors are inherent. Cyber-physical digital biochips offer higher reliability through the inclusion of automated error recovery mechanisms that can reconfigure the electrode array. The potential...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been typically employed as active layers in sensors, however their vertically-aligned (forest) morphology has not been fully explored yet. Here we directly integrate CNT forests on AlN-based solidly mounted resonators and study their influence on the performance of the longitudinal and shear mode of operation. Results show that CNT forests induce quality factor degradation...
This paper describes two unique device topologies: single ZnO nanowire and array ZnO nanowire-based devices. Two device topologies have been fabricated and compared for their sensing performance. The single nanowire device has been fabricated through focused ion beam and e-beam lithography techniques while the SEM and EDAX analysis have been used to characterize the device. The IV characteristics...
A vacuum-free solution-processed fabrication strategy featuring templated electrodeposition and imprint transfer (TEIT) is developed for micro- and nanoscale metallic structures. Various functional devices, including metal-mesh transparent electrodes and plasmonic sensors, are demonstrated using this cost-effective and scalable manufacturing process.
We apply interdigitated microelectrode array (IDA) sensors for water quality monitoring. IDA sensors show a linear capacitive response to solution conductivity with no pH sensitivity. Device coated with a ClO− selective layer also detects free chlorine with good sensitivity and specificity over varieties of ions.
Individuals who perform repetitive and spontaneous movements with their fingers such as typing on a keyboard or playing instruments are susceptible to repetitive stress injuries. We denote such movements as "ballistic gestures". The most common injury due to ballistic gestures is carpal tunnel syndrome, which occurs when typing on a keyboard using an improper typing style or hand posture...
In this paper we propose to use temporal muscle contraction to perform certain actions. Method: The set of muscle contractions corresponding to one of three actions including “single-click”, “double-click” “click-n-hold” and “non-action” were recorded. After recording certain amount of signals, the set of five parameters was calculated. These parameters served as an input matrix for the neural network...
Hybrid rehabilitation robotics combine neuro-prosthetic devices (close-loop functional electrical stimulation systems) and traditional robotic structures and actuators to explore better therapies and promote a more efficient motor function recovery or compensation. Although hybrid robotics and ankle neuroprostheses (NPs) have been widely developed over the last years, there are just few studies on...
During the past 60 years scientific research proposed many techniques to control robotic hand prostheses with surface electromyography (sEMG). Few of them have been implemented in commercial systems also due to limited robustness that may be improved with multimodal data. This paper presents the first acquisition setup, acquisition protocol and dataset including sEMG, eye tracking and computer vision...
This paper presents a high SNR self-capacitance sensing 3D hover sensor that does not use panel offset cancelation blocks. Not only reducing noise components, but increasing the signal components together, this paper achieved a high SNR performance while consuming very low power and die-area. Thanks to the proposed separated structure between driving and sensing circuits of the self-capacitance sensing...
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