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Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are vulnerable to various attacks. Primary user emulation attack (PUEA) is one kind of serious attacks. In order to combat PUEA, we propose an algorithm to detect PUEA in CRNs based on probability density function (PDF) assisted by belief propagation (BP), called PDF-BP. In the proposed algorithm, every secondary user (SU) calculates its belief value based on the PDF...
Cognitive radio (CR) is considered as a key enabling technology for dynamic spectrum access to improve spectrum efficiency. Although the CR concept was invented with the core idea of realizing "cognition", the research on measuring CR cognition capabilities and intelligence is largely open. Deriving the intelligence capabilities of CR not only can lead to the development of new CR technologies,...
Deployment of Multiple Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) is a very common scenario in today's world, like in the field of defence or disaster management. In this paper, we deal with the case of multiple numbers of co-located CRNs acting as secondary network along with one primary user (PU). We study the node based throughput performance of a CRN in presence of several coexisting CRNs. We generalize...
A large part of unoccupied licensed spectrum can be vital for many applications and can be accessed opportunistically by Cognitive Radio. Cognitive Radio serves to be a framework for forthcoming 5G communication systems and therefore, extensive research is being carried out in its different domains. The task of sensing spectrum should be efficient and reliable to avoid interference between licensed...
Cognitive radio (CR) technologies provide the required infrastructure to achieve dynamic spectrum access (DSA) which is a promising approach to increase spectral utilization in next generation (xG) wireless network. DSA allows CR to operate on the best available channel. This paper focuses on spectrum management in next generation wireless networks that employ DSA. In particular, this paper presents...
Spectrum sensing is a key technology in establishing and developing cognitive radio networks. High efficiency, reliability and real time are the most important required parameters for accurate sensing process. Wideband sensing is the main factor to achieve reliability of sensing process. Shadowing, fading and aliasing problems of signals affect the performance of spectrum sensing process therefore;...
In cognitive radio networks, the performance of energy detection will be degraded significantly due to the cluster overlapping caused by noise uncertainty. To alleviate the noise uncertainty effect, a novel machine learning algorithm is proposed in this paper for cooperative spectrum sensing. The proposed algorithm incorporates fuzzy support vector machine and nonparallel hyperplane support vector...
Wideband spectrum sensing is a critical functionality in cognitive radio networks to enable dynamic spectrum sharing, but entails a major implementation challenge in compact commodity radios with restricted energy and computation capabilities. Exploiting jointly sparse nature of multiband signals, this paper proposes an efficient blind sub-Nyquist cooperative wideband spectrum sensing scheme, which...
Recently, cognitive radio (CR) technology is proposed to be combined with femtocell networks, which enables femtocells to access the available spectrum bands in an opportunistic manner. In practice, the available spectrums in CR femtocell networks are heterogeneous and range from hundreds of megahertz to several gigahertz. These heterogeneous spectrums have very different path- losses which may result...
In cognitive radio networks, multichannel spectrum sensing yield accurate results compared to single channel sensing schemes. However, often realistic correlation among multiple sensing channels is ignored. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a cognitive radio spectrum sensing systems considering more realistic exponential correlation among multiple sensing channels. Closed-form expressions...
Abstract-In cognitive radio networks, secondary users (SUs) face two conflicting objectives. Each SU seeks to minimize the sensing duration while maximizing the detection probability of primary users (PU) to avoid interfering with their transmissions. Both objectives have a substantial effect on energy efficiency. This paper investigates a noncooperative setting for selecting the sensing duration...
As a critical technique to support the multimedia services - the major traffic in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CRNs), the statistical quality-of-service (QoS) technique has been proved to be effective in statistically guaranteeing delay-bounded video transmissions over the time- varying wireless channels. On the other hand, in modern cooperative CRNs, the full-duplex spectrum sensing (FD-SS)...
Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA), in which attackers emulate primary user signals causing restriction of secondary access on the attacked channels, is a serious security problem in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). A user performing a PUEA for selfishly occupying more channels is called a selfish PUEA attacker. Network managers could adopt a surveillance process on disallowed channels for identifying...
It is of significant importance to provide incentives to smartphone users in mobile crowd sensing systems. And a number of auction-based incentive mechanisms have been proposed. However, an auction-based incentive mechanism may unexpectedly release the location privacy of smartphone users, which may seriously reduce users' willingness of participating in mobile crowd sensing. In an auction-based mechanism,...
In cognitive radio technology, constant changes in the environment like change in background noise, movements of the users or transmitters, interferences, etc. require the spectrum sensing parameters like detection threshold to be changed. Else, errors in spectrum sensing arises which either causes interference between transmission from primary and secondary users, or the secondary user misses an...
Performance of Cognitive Radio (CR) is affected by the estimation of availability of vacant channels based on traffic distribution observation of licensed users. Telecom traffic prediction at a particular instant depends on thorough knowledge of day of the week, hour of the day and instant of the hour. Distributed cooperative spectrum sensing is infrastructure based in which the sensor nodes themselves...
Border surveillance has many applications in national security, infrastructure security, habitat monitoring, detecting illegal trespasses, military applications, and so on. This topic has received an increased attention recently. Sensing coverage and reliable data transmission are critical aspects in border surveillance using wireless sensor networks. In this paper we propose RMA-BS, a cognitive radio...
Cognitive radios use idle slots in the already assigned licensed frequency bands for communication in such a way that it does not affect the service being offered to the existing user in that band. The aim of cognitive radio network is to improve the spectrum efficiency and to increase the overall channel utilization which is a scarce resource. Multimedia traffic is especially suited to such environment...
The ability to provide accurate spectrum sensing and decision making under an uncertainty environment is proving useful for the military SATCOM to increases the spectrum utilization. Dynamic spectrum access(DSA) allows a secondary user to access the spectrum holes that are not occupied by the primary users. However, the spectrum sensing for DSA is normally performed in a complex SATCOM environment...
This paper presents a hybrid opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) and cooperative spectrum sharing (CSS) protocol for cognitive radio networks. In the proposed protocol, secondary (i.e. cognitive) network (SN) switches its mode between OSA and CSS based on the state of primary network (PN). The activity status of PN is modeled as a two state discrete time Markov chain model in which steady state probabilities...
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