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In this paper, we present a simulation model for the multi-echelon inventory optimization problems using Arena. In the multi-echelon inventory there are five members: a manufacturer, a distribution center and three retailers. Our analysis concentrates on the relationship between the fill-rates of retailers and the average inventory level of the entire supply chain. We assume that customer's demand...
In a two-stage supply chain composed of one supplier and one retailer, the supply chain coordination mechanism under fuzzy demand environment is studied in this paper under the assumption that the market demands are regarded as fuzzy variable. The models of centralized decision-making and return contract are built based on credibility distribution, and their optimal policies are also proposed. Finally,...
In a two-stage supply chain composed of one supplier and one retailer, the supply chain coordination mechanism in fuzzy demand environment is researched. The market demands are regarded as fuzzy variable. The models of centralized decision-making, the return contract and revenue sharing contract are built based on credibility distribution and their optimal policies are also proposed under uncertain...
A two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and two competitive retailers is investigated in this paper. A joint pricing and delivery lead time decision model facing price- and lead time sensitivity demands was established, and then optimal decisions policies for pricing and planned lead time were given. Next, decision efficiency of the decentralized supply chain was examined using the...
Available-to-promise (ATP) is a very important and critical supply chain management concept. Its purpose is to treat the actual and potential demands in a way for a company to obtain the largest possible profit. Optimization is a tool that can help in this subject and provides a reliable decision based on the availability of the production resources and the profitability of the products orders. Activity-based...
This paper studies a two-party supply chain in which a retailer orders a short-life-cycle product from a supplier. The supplier establishes a production plan using a market forecast and determines his wholesale price. And then the retailer decides the order quantities and sells the product to the customers and declares a quoted lead time L at the retail price p. When the selling period begins, demand...
Relationship commitment has increasingly received attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, the knowledge of what influences relationship commitment is still very limited. The formation mechanism of business-to-business relationship commitment in supply chain is examined in this paper. Based on the investigation among Chinese enterprises, Firstly, the results show the factors...
This paper presents a linear integer programming model to plan the production for multiple products. The production is planned using information shared across a supply chain. The advantage of information sharing has been proved from research that it can make the whole supply chain globally visualized and yet decreasing in variability on the supply chain. The objective function of the proposed model...
Credit term is taken as an instrument participating coordination surplus generated by credit extending by the supplier. We model trade credit determination as a Nash bargaining problem between supplier and retailer. Sensitivity analysis of a numerical example shows relativity of supplier's financing cost to the retailer's is the key determinate of credit term offered by the supplier. This result directly...
An optimizing model for studying production- inventory policy with service level constraints is proposed. To realize the integrative decision of service level and production point, the service level in a supply chain is defined as the probability of satisfying product demand in each planning period. Inventory variation under stochastic demand is analyzed, and the average inventory in each planning...
This paper studies the revenue-sharing contract coordination of supply chain. Under the price sensitivity of market demand, the model of revenue-sharing contract with multi-retailer is established. We present an approach which constraints the parameters of revenue-sharing contract. The optimal profits of the supply chain are obtained with this approach. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness...
Collaboration trust in supply chain is one of the necessary factors to improve the whole efficiency of supply chain. This paper presents a comprehensive model for collaboration trust maintenance in supply chain, integrated adaptive N-stage Markov chain. The lifecycle of collaboration trust is divided into six stages including expedition, conformation, growing, stabilization, degeneration, and dying...
This paper analyzes the problem of quantity decision and production planning in a supply chain, which is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer to meet the random demand of short-life-cycle products. To study the coordination of two ordering strategy, an optimization function aiming at maximizing total expected profits is established. Then the model is analyzed by the use of the numerical method,...
The dynamics of a three tiers supply chain network in the presence of demand uncertainty is considered in this paper. The objective is assessed by taking into account not only the profit over the time horizon, but also the resulting uncovered demand satisfaction. An equilibrium Variational Inequality for all the nodes of the supply chain is derived. The proposed model is tested using modified Goldstein-Levitin-Polyak...
Pricing strategy is an interesting and relevant topic in a supply chain, especially for retailers. Many business models on pricing have been developed in recent years. One of the pricing strategies is for the retailers to markdown product price in order to induce larger replenishment from the buyers. The effect of markdown product price is even more obvious for deteriorating items with price-dependent...
The dynamics of a three tiers supply chain network in the presence of demand uncertainty is considered in this paper. The objective is assessed by taking into account not only the profit over the time horizon, but also the resulting uncovered demand satisfaction. An equilibrium variational inequality (VI) for all the nodes of the supply chain is derived. The proposed model is tested using modified...
It is only an order quantity which is decided for a spot selling time in the previous supply chain contract with options. However, the effect of the lead-time on the supply chain is indispensable. This paper considers the options contract with the time-based parameters on the background of food supply chain in which the model analyze that the contract parameters and accuracy of forecasting demand...
This paper studies the manufacturer's return policy and the retailers' decisions in a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two competing and risk-averse retailers under a single-period framework. The manufacturer sells her short-life-cycle products through two competing retailers, and the product demand is random and sensitive to the retailers' selling prices. We incorporate the risk measure...
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