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Teaching electrical network control problems, such as droop control in power systems, is challenging (in part) because electrical systems are difficult to effectively visualize. Existing approaches do not generally provide students with an effective, intuitive understanding of the concepts. To address this problem, this paper describes a mechanical power grid simulator, MechGrid, and the development...
This paper proposes a cascading outages model which captures power system operations, protections, automatic regulations, and remedial action schemes. It is based on linear implicit AC PF, which provides a tradeoff between computationally expensive AC PF and approximate DC PF. Combinations of several types of failures and interactions in blackouts are represented, i.e., cascading line overloads, large...
This paper describes an analysis of a variable speed heat pump (VSHP), which responds to direct load control (DLC) signals to provide grid frequency regulation (GFR) ancillary service, while ensuring the comfort of building occupants. A data-driven dynamic model of the VSHP is developed through real-time experimental studies with a time horizon ranging from seconds to hours. The model is simple, yet...
Islanded operation of HVDC sending system can reduce the influence of HVDC fault on the parallel AC system, enhance the security of the system and increase the transmission capacity. Due to relatively small system inertia and ESCR, there are difficulties of the frequency and voltage control in the islanded sending system. The conventional analysis are focuses on the process after HVDC bipolar trip...
Primary frequency control using smart loads with reactive only compensation (SLQ) has been shown in the past. In this paper, further improvement in frequency regulation is shown using smart loads with a back-to-back converter (SLBC) arrangement. This introduces additional flexibility and thereby, allows independent and wider control over active and reactive power consumption of the smart load. The...
This paper presents the results from a laboratory experiment of a single machine islanded area operated as a synchronous island. The paper also presents how this was realized as well as explaining the control theory that was utilized. The methodology given in this paper serves as a platform on which multi-machine islanding will be based. The laboratory setup consist of a generator model realized by...
The recent amendment to the IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE Std. 1547a-2014) is unleashing the application of advanced inverter functionalities to help mitigate voltage regulation problems commonly encountered in areas with high levels of PV penetration. This paper describes the experimental testing of some of the important autonomous functionalities...
With increasing integrations of large-scale systems based on permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine generators (PMSG-WTGs), the overall inertial response of a power system will tend to deteriorate as a result of the decoupling of rotor speed and grid frequency through the power converter as well as the scheduled retirement of conventional synchronous generators. Thus, PMSG-WTGs can provide...
In this work, we provide a new short-term reliability index that accounts for practical grid properties. The proposed index addresses the system frequency reliability and controllability of the grid and its deviation over a short time period. In the formulation, demand, renewable source, battery and generators are incorporated in stochastic manner. Using the equilibrium of demand and supply, and the...
This paper presents a control scheme for transmission networks by using load-side controllers which cooperate with automatic generation control (AGC) to restore the power system frequency. A switched consensus-based distributed controller is designed for each load bus in the transmission network. Once the frequency exceeds a pre-selected threshold, each load-side controller will start to discover...
Availability Based Tariff (ABT) is a frequency linked pricing mechanism. It has been adopted in India since the year 2000 for unscheduled electrical power transactions. ABT encourages the rescheduling of participating generators in real time as per the prevailing load conditions. At present the generators reschedule manually with respect to the frequency price signals. This paper presents a model...
This paper studies the problem of optimal frequency regulation in power networks, represented by a nonlinear structure preserving model, including turbine-governor dynamics. Exploiting an incremental passivity property of the power network, distributed controllers are proposed that regulate the frequency and minimize generation costs, requiring only frequency measurements.
There has recently been interest in diversifying the technologies that provide primary frequency control of the power grid beyond generation. One method of interest to obtain frequency control by turning on or off flexible loads in response to local measurements of line frequency. Because of the large number of loads involved, it is desirable to implement this control without communication among the...
To improve the quality of output power of VSIG grid-side converter under the working condition of asymmetric load, this paper, based on the instantaneous symmetrical component method, studies double closed loop control strategy under synchronous rotating coordinates of positive and negative sequence, and designs corresponding decoupling strategy. In order to further curb disturbance of asymmetric...
In recent years, it is desired that the bandwidth of a class-D amplifier is widened using sampling frequencies as low as possible. For example, it is expected in the application of the power amplifier of vibration generator that the bandwidth is kept 5[kHz] within the load impedance ∞∼2 [Ω]. In this paper, it is shown that this demand to the class-D amplifier can be attained by an A2DOF (Approximate...
Industrial electrical power systems are strongly depending on their electrical power supply. In the Oil & Gas industry a loss of power can generate huge financial losses. For that reason it is usual to have an own power generation connected to the industrial grid. Sudden loss of generated power e.g. trip of a generator, but also loss of a big load is a threat for the system stability. For such...
The greater demand variability caused by the high penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) challenges the LV grids. Although the DG supports the local load demand, its intermittent nature (i.e. renewables) can create undesired conditions: reverse power flow from the Low (LV) to Medium Voltage (MV) grid in case of low load demand and high power production, or overloading of the substation transformer...
In this paper, a novel consensus-based distributed nonlinear hierarchical control approach is proposed for frequency and voltage regulation of an islanded AC microgrid under switching communication network. It is proved that the proposed control approach is robust against unreliable communication links as long as the switching graph associated with the communication network satisfies the jointly connected...
The present paper presents an analytical model for the evaluation of short-term frequency response in isolated power grids with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. The analysis includes synthetic inertia and primary frequency control schemes proposed in the literature for wind power plants. Thus, frequency response in future insular scenarios can be estimated. The analytical model...
This paper presents the structure, tuning, and evaluation of a model for power system frequency response in Nigeria. We demonstrate that a 100MW utility scale solar farm is unlikely to degrade frequency performance, and we quantify the effect of several possible interventions to improve frequency regulation. The Nigerian system already experiences wide frequency variations due to steel mill loads...
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