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Aggressive scaling down of the Cu trace pitch in the redistribution layer (RDL) is needed to meet the design rule for high-density I/O used in advanced packaging. Such a downsized RDL, however, will be vulnerable to voltage and current stresses, in addition to environmental stress. Voltage stress, for example, degrades the reliability of electrical isolation (dielectric strength). This will likely...
Wafer Level Package (WLP) has become mainstream solution for handheld and mobile applications that require less Printed Circuit Board (PCB) footprint but comes with lots of functionality especially designed for high tier premium smartphones available in the market today. 28nm (RF) WLP is the bleeding edge of technology with regards to smallest transistor available in WLP packages that is in high volume...
Industry 4.0 denotes a recent trend that aims at exploiting Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), based on IoT (Internet of Things) and cloud computing technologies, to obtain increased degrees of cooperation and communication in production systems, thus leading to what is referred to as Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS) or “Smart Factories”.
3DIC technology has enabled scaling beyond the Moore's Law to achieve higher transistor count, increased functionality and superior performance. Additionally, this technology allows integrating heterogeneous components such as Processor, FPGA, GPU, Memory, Serdes, etc. on the same interposer die enabling faster computing through reduced latency. The yields on the 3DIC technology have matured and are...
Recently, the electronics industry is moved maturely on the mobile/tablet market. The next fast growing opportunity market will be the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wearable Deivces in the near future. This advanced technology/package need to provide the ideal solution for small form factor, thin profile, high electrical performance, multi-function integration and low cost are the most critical requirements...
The electrical power generation and distribution system for one of the Platform (Platform ‘A’) was designed different from earlier fixed drilling and production platforms in the North Sea. The main difference is that there is no dedicated emergency generator on board. Instead each of the three main generators has been upgraded to a standard normally associated with emergency sets. This provides higher...
Priority measures have positive effects for certain aspects of public transport operation. The aim of the article is to describe the potential of time savings and quantify positive effects of public transport priority measures. The main contribution of this article is a comprehensive description of how to assess the time savings potential with a subsequent calculation of its economic value. This may...
In this work a preliminary study is proposed to assess the validity of an automatic and low cost measurement method for Functional ReachTest (FRT) implementation. To this aim FRT was performed on 10 trials of 4 healthy men and results from the system under validation are compared with the corresponding data from a calibrated stereo-photogrammetric system: the percentage variation between them is lower...
Fine pitch copper (Cu) pillar bump adoption has been growing in high performance and low-cost flip chip packages. Higher input/output (I/O) density and very fine pitch requirements are driving very small feature sizes such as small bump on a narrow pad or bond-on-lead (BOL) interconnection, while higher performance requirements are driving increased current densities. Assembling such packages using...
The popularity of the IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standard has resulted in a plethora of hotspot deployments. While home hotspots offer high and consistent performance, at large-scale events such as conferences and festivals, Wi-Fi performance is often poor and highly fluctuating. There are several factors explaining this increased difficulty: the required scale, the complexity of backhaul network topologies,...
This demo presents a SFC orchestrator that provides intelligent, dynamic and automated VNFs and network deployment over heterogeneous NFV and SDN enabled Cloud environments. The proposed architecture is based on the ETSI NFV reference architecture and TOSCA standards. In this demo, reliable VNF placement and chaining is ensured using the algorithm proposed in [1] “A Link Failure Recovery Algorithm...
The application of the theory of fuzzy sets and the new methodology to the problems of reliability and safety of complex control systems require profound studies of cause-effect relationships, the complex nature of system failures, a mathematical grounded approach that allows for the integrated recording of reliability parameters. With the current level of informatics, it seems possible to create...
The normal approximation and Monte Carlo simulation methods are widely used in the metrology to evaluate the expanded uncertainty, whereby the latter method is known to be the most robust and reliable. In some cases, however, (e.g., when the probability distribution is not known a priori) different frameworks may be desired as an alternative to the aforementioned techniques. One of them is commonly...
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is a wireless networking technology that can be used to support the emergence of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The deployment of these systems will allow connected vehicle to communicate each other and also with the road side infrastructures in order to avoid possible accidents and provide more comfort applications to the driver and passenger. The designers...
In this paper, we investigate the memory properties of two popular gated units: long short term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent units (GRU), which have been used in recurrent neural networks (RNN) to achieve state-of-the-art performance on several machine learning tasks. We propose five basic tasks for isolating and examining specific capabilities relating to the implementation of memory. Results...
The new accounting standards put forward higher request to the quality of accounting information, but do not change the traditional model of financial report and the disclosure of accounting information, which causes the accounting information provided by enterprise lags behind, users' cost of accounting information heightens, data input duplicates, and accuracy drops. And the implementation of new...
In recent years, SRAM-based and other Weak PUFs have found applications in tamper sensitive key storage and ID generation. SRAM-based PUFs, for example, rely on intrinsic process variations to enable repeatable and unique start-up behavior of their outputs. However, noise in the system can compromise repeatability of SRAM start-up behavior. To obviate this problem, a number of solutions such as fuzzy...
In the near future Smart Grid will be able to monitor and control key elements in the generation, transmission and distribution of energy to the end-user. This concept is in full development, but it will take a lot of time to achieve "maturity". Activities like consumer education, development of standards, technology improvement need to be carried out so that the concept of Smart Grid takes...
Despite over a decade of research and development in fall detection systems, accurate and reliable systems in use are few. The existing fall detection approaches leave three major challenges unsolved: (1) insufficient fall data for model training process, (2) unreliable labeling of ground truth, and (3) resorting to artificial falls to model falls. In this paper we highlight these challenges in a...
This paper presents a summary and analysis deployment of a secure Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) management system at a utility in North America. The utility began their investigation into technologies and methodologies for securing their system for North America Reliability Corporation (NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards. This report is intended for anyone considering the...
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