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This paper describes enhancements to ATC's cascading study criteria and the implementation of a fast automated process using POM/OPM software for conducting comprehensive steady state multiple element contingency screening and cascading analysis, finding mitigations to restore the system to be within emergency and/or normal performance limits, and automatically tabulating significant results and summaries...
With the increasing utilization of combined heat and power plants (CHP), electrical, gas, and thermal systems are becoming tightly integrated in the urban energy system (UES). However, the three systems are usually planned and operated separately, ignoring their interactions and coordination. To address this issue, the coupling point of different systems in the UES is described by the energy hub model...
Low power factors are considered one of the pressing issues in the distribution system planning and operation particularly at countries where a monetary cost's scheme of the reactive power usage is not applied. Regulations, financial penalties and incentives, and technical solutions have all been used to improve low power factor levels. In this paper, a study and comparisons between several low power...
FERC Order No. 1000 requires regional transmission planning to consider and evaluate transmission alternatives and produce more efficient and cost effective regional transmission plans. The Order also removes any federal right of first refusal (ROFR) for new transmission facilities selected for regional cost allocation. This Order will greatly increase competition in transmission planning and development...
The placement of distributed generation (DG) has a significant impact on system operation and power supply to customers. This paper investigates the effects of customer demands on the DG planning. An optimization model based on dependent chance programming is firstly proposed. Two indices, voltage profile and reliability performance of customers, are defined as the objectives. Subsequently, scenarios...
Paper presents practical experience in evaluating adequacy of generating capacity by different regions in the Western interconnection. This includes analysis of uncertainties associated with load, intermittent energy sources and forced and maintenance outages on generating units and transmission facilities. The paper is a joint effort by the utility industry and Western Electricity Coordinating Council...
In this paper, an approach is proposed for planning distribution networks in which the placement of distribution transformer is optimally planned. The size, number, and placement of distribution transformers are optimally determined in order to improve system reliability and to minimize the losses under load growth. An objective function is constituted, composed of the investment cost, maintenance...
Transmission planning for electrical power systems involves the forecasting of system conditions, analysis of system reliability and economic performance, and selective upgrading of transmission facilities to assure all planning criteria are fulfilled. This paper presents the approach taken by ERCOT to the transmission planning process, including the ERCOT planning criteria, the independent review...
This paper proposes an application of Geographic Information System (GIS) to distribution substation planning for distribution systems of Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA). The main objective is to serve future load growth and to increase the reliability of the distribution systems. GIS is extensively used in the planning process as it contains comprehensive topological information of electrical...
Evaluating the performance of various power system reliability criteria and their management is important in order to obtain a cost effective reliability level of the power system. However, the performance of reliability criteria depends on several parameters, of which one is value of lost load (VoLL). Value of lost load is typically difficult and complex to model, which hampers making a general conclusion...
The evolution of distribution systems (DS) towards the smart-grid concept posses new challenges, triggered by the integration of distributed generation (DG) and the installation of new devices. These challenges raise the need to reconsider the traditional network operation during the planning stage, enabling the DS to be flexible to operate under different network configuration scenarios. In this...
The paper presents a comparison of four widely used reliability importance measures in order to identify their appropriateness for the identification of the most critical system components for replacement planning; specifically when using Non-sequential Monte Carlo method. These importance measures are Improvement Potential, Structural Importance, Criticality Importance, and Fussell-Vesely Importance...
The deluge of date rate in today's networks poses a cost burden on the backhaul network design. Developing cost efficient backhaul solutions becomes an interesting, yet challenging, problem. Traditional technologies for backhaul networks include either radio-frequency backhauls (RF) or optical fibres (OF). While RF is a cost-effective solution as compared to OF, it supports lower data rate requirements...
Distributed Generators are gaining significant importance in bridging the gap between limited generation capacities and steeply increasing demands. Micro-grids are slowly replacing distribution systems in view of satisfying the needs of select customers without compromising the quality of power. In this regard, an optimal planning has been attempted in this paper in view of transforming an existing...
The paper presents a new method for reliability investment decisions when a reward/penalty scheme is applied to the regulation of distribution system operators. The method was developed in order to facilitate the transition from cost-based regulation to performance-based regulation for distribution utilities. New investment planning criteria for distribution utilities subjected to the new regulatory...
Frequent congestions that occurred at the border between PJM and MISO inevitably forced the two regional planners to find a remedy based on transmission solutions. This triggered the two RTOs to develop a joint methodology that would be acceptable to both entities. Such a methodology for promoting cross-border transmission at the seams of two adjacent electricity market systems is presented. This...
The availability of electricity is of paramount importance in urban distribution networks, and one planning consideration is the way medium voltage network is protected against faults in the feeding primary substation or high voltage network. One approach is to provide primary substations with full redundancy, and another is to ensure backup from adjacent primary substations. This paper details the...
Agile methodologies for software development take a novel, lightweight approach to most aspects of designing and producing applications. Agile software development is an iterative development method. Its basic concept is people - centered and it acknowledges that requirements can change. Due to changing nature of Agile size of user-story is not certain and also new user-stories can be added or existing...
Nowadays, marine scientists have a growing interest to know what happens in the ocean water column. One potential technology is to use underwater acoustic sensor networks that providing continuous sea environmental data. Although a number of MAC techniques can be used in these networks, Spatial-TDMA is one of the most efficient in terms of energy, which is a critical parameter in underwater networks...
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