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Cognitive Radio (CR) technology enables the opportunistic use of the vacant licensed frequency bands; therefore improves the spectrum utilization. CR operation must not interfere with the transmissions of the licensed or primary users. In order to achieve this, a tradeoff between primary user protection and CR network performance must be considered. To solve this problem, we propose a new shortest...
Multicast routing is used for group communication. In multicasting, one sender sends data to multiple recipients, but sends only a single copy. Multicasting is more efficient than broadcasting, because broadcast packets have to be received by everyone on the local link. In this paper, a detailed study has been outlined regarding which protocol of Centralized Multicast (CM), Protocol Independent Multicast...
Delay Tolerant Network is a buzz word in Mobile Adhoc Network. Research in this direction started with the approach for interplanetary communication. Delay Tolerant Network (in short) DTN is an evolving research area. A way to store, carry and forward messages over the underlying existing infrastructure. The intermittent connectivity and limited resources of a DTN node make the routing difficult to...
Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is primarily and specifically a class of MANET that is challenged. The working principle of DTN illustrates the mechanism to store information and carry it till some capable node is found and then a message is forwarded. This kind of implementation has found application areas like sparse and constrained networks. This paper explains the design specification issues of DTN...
Survivability is the primary problem in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) when they are utilized for sewage monitoring with limited resources. In this paper, we propose a low-cost data prioritization framework for sewage microorganism microscopic images to overcome this frangibility of WVSNs. Firstly, an improved fast visual background extraction (Vibe) algorithm is proposed to rapidly detect...
Transferring messages or packets through a network using human mobility as a means, requires intelligent routing decisions. Throughout an opportunistic network, nodes travel with a few messages and searches for an opportunity to deliver the message. A good delivery rate of such messages in these sort of networks is a challenge which might require complex calculations and several intricate decision...
In VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc NETwork), the act of transferring important information is a main concern in every routing protocol conception. Hence, selecting next packet relay is crucial decision for the network performances. The highly dynamic topology of VANET which is result of the frequent changes in vehicles' positions, their speeds and the unpredictable drivers' directions at intersections mostly...
In this paper, we address the problem of routing disruption attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). In routing disruption attacks, the malicious node intentionally drop data packets to consume more network resources or degrade routing performance. We propose a trust management model to mitigate such attacks in CRNs. Through monitoring forwarding behaviors of secondary users (SUs), trusts of SUs...
Delay-tolerant Network (DTN) is a computer network architecture that operates effectively over an extreme distance and communicates with heterogeneous networks that may affect the continuous network connectivity. DTN is particularly useful for the areas in which there are no direct connection (either physical or wireless) between source and destination over a long distance, as it can overcome the...
In this work, we study the problem of allocating two types of memory, which have different access speeds, to a set of routers in a single content-centric network. Total network delay is adopted as the performance metric. We first formulate the allocation problem and show that it is NP-hard. Then we prove that this problem is monotone submodular with a matroid constraint. Hence, we are able to derive...
Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are wireless mobile networks, where the nodes are sparse and end-to- end connectivity is rare. Since DTN nodes are mostly energy-limited devices, there is an immediate need to have energy-efficient routing protocols, allowing the network to perform better and function longer. Besides, in the real world, people carrying the nodes form a lot of communities because of similar...
Owing to the rapid development of underwater applications, the research on underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is becoming more and more significant. Low bandwidth, high latency, limited energy and node float mobility are basic challenges for underwater sensor networks. Most of the theories for terrestrial sensor networks can not be applied to underwater sensor networks. In this paper, we...
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) or Opportunistic Networks are mobile networks, where there may not exist connectivity of nodes all the time. In view of the limited connectivity, DTNs rely upon the store-carry-and-forward approach for communication with each other. The efficiency of DTN routing protocol relies on the intelligent selection of a relay node from a set of encountering nodes. Most of the...
Routing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) faces many limitations that make it challenging. First, traditional routing protocols cannot be directly applied in CRNs because they consider fixed frequency band. Second, cognitive radio enables dynamic spectrum access which causes adverse effects on network performance. Third, effective routing in CR Networks (CRNs) needs local and continual knowledge...
Vehicular networks are increasingly gaining popularity among researchers for their potential to enable diverse applications associated with road traffic safety, infotainment and road transportation management. In this paper we present a QoS-based routing protocol named VanetQoS which purpose is to accommodate real-time and multimedia applications with specific quality of service (QoS) requirements...
Routing packets towards their destinations is a key task in mobile ad-hoc networks due to nodal mobility and dynamic topology of the network. Many well performing routing protocols for MANETs are proposed and implemented by considering these inherent properties. ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) is one such protocol which performs better among similar MANET routing protocols. AODV chooses a...
Wireless data communications commonly use public networks to exchange data packets. Public networks of rural area are lack of network infrastructure so it will inflict high delay for wireless communications. The rural areas are same with intermittent area that need a mechanism of data transfer to tolerate with delay. The Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a solution for data transmission in rural areas...
In mission critical networks, nodes need to communicate with minimum delay and loss. This calls for routing protocols that can quickly and efficiently route the application traffic to their destinations. This paper proposes a distance-based routing protocol, named as Smallworld, which finds efficient routes to target nodes often through a very short chain of intermediate nodes, without using any routing...
Wireless sensor networks for rarely occurring critical events must maintain sensing coverage and low latency network connectivity to ensure event detection and subsequent rapid propagation of notification messages. Existing geographic forwarding algorithms have proved successful in providing energy efficient network connectivity for arbitrary topologies where sensing coverage is not guaranteed. This...
In delay tolerant networks (DTN), connectivity between nodes is not guaranteed and a message is delivered to a destination node from a source node via opportunistic contacts between intermediate nodes. In DTN, nodes are operated using battery and thus, an energy-efficient operation is crucial, especially for disaster environment. In this paper, we consider PRoPHET protocol as a base protocol since...
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